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Table 1 Categorisation of types of participants, interventions, comparators, outcomes and study types

From: Scope and quality of Cochrane reviews of nutrition interventions: a cross-sectional study

Data domain

Categories used for data extraction

Participants

• pregnant women

• mothers and infant pairs

• infants

• children of preschool-aged children

• school-aged children

• adults

• elderly

• postmenopausal women

• participants with a condition(s) or not

Interventions

• foods (e.g. whole foods, food products, complete diets or dietary patterns, specially formulated foods, complete nutritional formulas, breastfeeding)

• supplementation/supplements (e.g. single or multiple nutrients, bioactive non-nutrients, plant components)

• combined food and supplementation/supplements

• nutrition education, counselling and coordination of care

• policies, programmes or systems that influence nutrition-related or nutrition-sensitive outcomes

• other, if no component of the intervention could be categorised as any of the above

Comparator

• placebo

• no intervention

• usual care

• different intervention

• other

Outcomes

• mortality

• clinical or nutritional status assessments (e.g. anthropometry, clinical and biochemical measurements)

• frequency and/or severity of disease

• diet quality and/or variety

• food/nutrient/dietary intake

• diet-related behaviours (including eating behaviour)

• other non-diet-related behaviours

• withdrawal from the study, drop-out or adherence-related

• adverse events, side-effects and/or safety

• cost-effectiveness or economic

• quality of life

• other

Study designs

• randomised controlled trials (including parallel or cross-over design);

• experimental non-randomised studies (non-randomised controlled trials, controlled before-after studies, interrupted time series and repeated measures studies)

• observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional)