Longitudinal 10-year changes in dietary intake and associations with cardio-metabolic risk factors in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study

Table 6 Change in serum triglycerides (mmol/l) per percent diet intake increase over a 10-year period based on multivariable regression analysis ^a,b

	Women (n = 8,354)		Men (n = 7,641)
	Beta ± SE	P	Beta ± SE	P
Joint model
Whole grain	0.01 ± 0.006	0.09	−0.02 ± 0.01	0.05
PUFA^c	−0.02 ± 0.01	0.50	−0.02 ± 0.02	0.32
Cholesterol^d	0.01 ± 0.01	0.34	−0.01 ± 0.02	0.64
Trans-fatty acids^d	0.02 ± 0.02	0.30	0.02 ± 0.04	0.62
Sucrose	−0.019 ± 0.01	0.13	−0.008 ± 0.02	0.60
Joint model R²	11.8%		11.5%
Joint model R² excluding covariates	0.2%		0.2%
Separate models
Healthy Diet Score	−0.03 ± 0.01	0.01	−0.05 ± 0.02	0.005
Joint model R²	11.6%		11.3%
Joint model R² excluding covariates	0.1%		0.00%
Diet Inflammatory Index	0.000 ± 0.000	0.87	0.000 ± 0.000	0.99
Joint model R²	11.5%		11.2%
Joint model R² excluding covariates	0.00%		0.00%

^aAdjusted for serum triglycerides, year of study participation, age, education, smoking status and physical activity at the beginning of the period
^bAll dietary items expressed as percent change over the 10 year period; sucrose, PUFA, cholesterol and trans-fatty acids calculated as energy percent, and whole grain calculated as gram per 2000 kcal
^c PUFA poly-unsaturated fatty acids
^dFull model run with either cholesterol or trans-fatty acids separately, because of high collinearity between the two. Results for other items in the model are shown for model run with cholesterol; values were basically identical for model run with trans-fatty acids

ISSN: 1475-2891