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Table 3 Adjusted mean (SE) Total healthy eating index-2010 (HEI) and component scores for all grain clusters using NHANES 2005–2010, 2–18 years of age

From: Several grain dietary patterns are associated with better diet quality and improved shortfall nutrient intakes in US children and adolescents: a study focusing on the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans

 

No Grains

Cakes, Cookies & Pies

Yeast Breads and Rolls

Cereals

Pasta, Cooked Cereals & Rice

Crackers & Salty Snacks

Pancakes, Waffles, French Toast and Other Grains

Quick Breads

HEI-2010 Component

Cluster 0

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

Cluster 4

Cluster 5

Cluster 6

Cluster 7

 

LSM

SE

LSM

SE

P

LSM

SE

P

LSM

SE

P

LSM

SE

P

LSM

SE

P

LSM

SE

P

LSM

SE

P

Total Vegetables

2.52

0.13

2.13

0.10

0.0327

2.16

0.05

0.0121

2.44

0.16

0.7002

2.56

0.17

0.8395

1.93

0.06

0.0001

1.74

0.10

<0.0001

2.06

0.07

0.0024

Greens and Beans

0.30

0.07

0.50

0.10

0.0784

0.62

0.05

0.0002

0.61

0.16

0.0617

1.32

0.20

<0.0001

0.54

0.04

0.0064

0.52

0.09

0.0808

0.77

0.08

0.0004

Total Fruit

1.97

0.11

2.28

0.14

0.0468

2.58

0.07

<0.0001

2.51

0.17

0.0039

2.72

0.16

0.0007

2.55

0.06

<0.0001

2.60

0.12

0.0002

2.57

0.10

0.0003

Whole Fruit

1.72

0.17

1.96

0.19

0.3720

2.31

0.08

0.0004

2.38

0.23

0.0073

2.51

0.18

0.0081

2.21

0.07

0.0038

2.33

0.14

0.0079

2.25

0.09

0.0087

Whole Grains

0.26

0.06

0.57

0.10

0.0033

2.11

0.08

<0.0001

2.24

0.17

<0.0001

2.58

0.28

<0.0001

2.36

0.12

<0.0001

1.44

0.15

<0.0001

1.66

0.12

<0.0001

Dairy

6.84

0.26

6.53

0.25

0.3773

7.20

0.09

0.2028

8.09

0.29

0.0029

6.78

0.22

0.8751

6.76

0.11

0.7361

6.89

0.21

0.8796

7.12

0.16

0.3282

Total Protein Foods

3.65

0.14

3.03

0.14

0.0002

3.74

0.05

0.4854

3.38

0.16

0.1844

3.66

0.15

0.9260

3.36

0.05

0.0363

3.59

0.09

0.7878

3.47

0.08

0.3256

Seafood and Plant Protein

0.98

0.13

1.10

0.16

0.4806

1.46

0.08

<0.0001

0.98

0.18

0.9839

1.45

0.21

0.1112

1.37

0.06

0.0161

1.14

0.09

0.2582

1.47

0.09

0.0018

Fatty Acid Ratio

3.31

0.23

3.84

0.23

0.1020

3.30

0.08

0.9556

3.06

0.34

0.5560

4.15

0.31

0.0378

4.34

0.11

0.0001

3.74

0.18

0.1540

3.81

0.16

0.1028

Sodium

4.98

0.34

6.78

0.23

0.0002

4.69

0.09

0.4418

4.98

0.35

1.0000

3.97

0.34

0.0330

5.00

0.14

0.9503

4.69

0.20

0.4555

4.93

0.18

0.8815

Refined Grains

6.78

0.30

5.72

0.23

0.0054

5.40

0.12

0.0001

7.02

0.33

0.5979

6.55

0.26

0.5711

4.95

0.08

<0.0001

4.63

0.21

<0.0001

4.20

0.16

<0.0001

SoFAAS Calories

9.42

0.58

6.46

0.41

0.0003

10.50

0.21

0.0992

10.80

0.63

0.1216

12.33

0.54

0.0004

10.65

0.16

0.0250

10.19

0.36

0.2374

10.00

0.34

0.3755

HEI-2010 Total Score

42.72

0.85

40.90

0.92

0.1926

46.06

0.48

0.0003

48.48

1.19

0.0005

50.58

1.02

<0.0001

46.02

0.44

0.0009

43.49

0.60

0.4102

44.33

0.65

0.1534

  1. NHANES 2005–2010, N = 8,367
  2. LSM: least square mean; SE: standard error; P = p: value of difference as compared to cluster 0 (no grains)
  3. SoFAAS: solid fat, alcohol, added sugars
  4. Covariates include age, gender, ethnicity, poverty income ratio, physical activity, current smoking status, and alcohol
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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