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Table 4 Mean change in outcomes within groups and differences between groups (Intention-to-Treat Populations) at 3 months

From: Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the ‘HEYMAN’ healthy lifestyle program for young men: a pilot randomised controlled trial

 

Mean change from baseline (95%CI)a

   

Outcomesc

Control group (n = 24)

Intervention group (n = 26)

Mean difference between groups (95%CI)b

p-Value

Effect size (Cohen’s d)

Physical activity (pedometer steps/day)

575.4 (−518.8, 1669.7)

1588.2 (534.7, 2641.6)

1012.7 (−506.2, 2531.6)

0.191

0.36

Diet quality (ARFS total score)

2.3 (−0.5, 5.2)

5.9 (3.1, 8.7)

3.6 (−0.4, 7.6)

0.081

0.48

Satisfaction with life scale (total score)

0.5 (−0.9, 2.0)

0.9 (−0.5, 2.4)

0.4 (−1.6, 2.5)

0.683

0.11

Fruit (serves/day)

0.3 (−0.1, 0.7)

0.5 (0.1, 0.9)

0.2 (−0.4, 0.8)

0.496

0.20

Vegetables (serves/day)

−0.1 (−0.8, 0.6)

1.0 (0.3, 1.6)

1.1 (0.1, 2.0)

<0.05

0.62

Energy intake (kJ/day)

−68.9 (−1090.7, 953.0)

−475.9 (−1470.6, 518.8)

−407.0 (−1833.1, 1019.0)

0.576

0.16

Proportion of energy from ED-NP foods (%)

−2.6 (−6.2, 1.1)

−9.8 (−13.3, −6.2)

−7.2 (−12.3, −2.1)

<0.01

0.73

Proportion of energy from alcohol (%)

−0.5 (−1.2, 0.3)

0.2 (−0.5, 1.0)

0.7 (−0.3, 1.8)

0.181

0.36

AUDIT-C (total score)

−0.6 (−1.1, −0.1)

0.1 (−0.4, 0.6)

0.7 (−0.1, 1.4)

0.074

0.53

Salivary Cortisol (nmol/l)

2.7 (−0.4, 5.8)

0.6 (−2.4, 3.6)

−2.1 (−6.4, 2.2)

0.341

0.27

Depression, Anxiety & Stress Scale (total score)

−2.1 (−4.8, 0.5)

−1.7 (−4.3, 0.9)

0.4 (−3.3, 4.1)

0.835

0.06

K-10 Psychological distress scale

−1.7 (−3.0, −0.4)

−2.6 (−3.8, −1.3)

−0.9 (−2.6, 0.9)

0.331

0.28

Mental Health Continuum (total score)

4.0 (0.8, 7.1)

5.5 (2.4, 8.6)

1.5 (−2.9, 6.0)

0.505

0.19

Quality of Life, Enjoyment and Satisfaction (total score)

2.9 (0.1, 5.6)

6.0 (3.3, 8.7)

3.2 (−0.7, 7.0)

0.110

0.45

Weight (kg)

1.0 (0.1, 2.0)

−0.6 (−1.5, 0.3)

−1.6 (−3.0, −0.3)

<0.05

0.63

Weight (%)

1.3 (0.2, 2.5)

−0.6 (−1.7, 0.5)

−2.0 (−3.5, −0.4)

<0.05

0.67

Waist circumference (cm)

1.9 (0.7, 3.1)

−1.2 (−2.4, −0.0)

−3.1 (−4.8, −1.4)

<0.001

0.89

BMI (Kg/m2)

0.3 (0.0, 0.6)

−0.2 (−0.5, 0.0)

−0.6 (−0.9, −0.2)

<0.01

0.81

Skeletal muscle mass (kg)

0.1 (−0.5, 0.6)

−0.0 (−0.6, 0.5)

−0.1 (−0.9, 0.6)

0.755

0.07

Body fat mass (kg)

0.9 (0.1, 1.7)

−0.5 (−1.3, 0.3)

−1.4 (−2.5, −0.3)

<0.05

0.67

MVPA (minutes/week)

26.1 (−58.0, 110.2)

154.1 (71.0, 237.1)

128.0 (9.8, 246.2)

<0.05

0.58

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)

0.0 (−0.2, 0.3)

−0.4 (−0.6, −0.2)

−0.4 (−0.8, −0.1)

<0.05

0.61

HDL-Cholesterol (mmol/l)

0.0 (−0.0, 0.1)

0.0 (−0.0, 0.1)

0.0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0.986

0.00

LDL- Cholesterol (mmol/l)

0.1 (−0.1, 0.3)

−0.4 (−0.6, −0.1)

−0.5 (−0.8, −0.2)

<0.01

0.83

Triglyceride (mmol/l)

−0.2 (−0.5, −0.0)

−0.0 (−0.3, 0.2)

0.2 (−0.1, 0.6)

0.200

0.31

Total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio

−0.0 (−0.2, 0.2)

−0.3 (−0.5, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.6, −0.0)

<0.05

0.60

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

−2.6 (−5.5, 0.2)

−2.4 (−5.1, 0.4)

0.3 (−3.7, 4.2)

0.898

0.04

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

−1.1 (−2.9, 0.7)

−1.7 (−3.5, 0.0)

−0.6 (−3.1, 1.9)

0.629

0.13

Resting Heart rate (BPM)

−2.1 (−6.1, 1.9)

−0.1 (−4.0, 3.8)

2.0 (−3.6, 7.6)

0.480

0.20

Augmentation Index (%)

−0.7 (−8.1, 6.6)

−4.8 (−11.9, 2.3)

−4.1 (−14.3, 6.2)

0.438

0.22

  1. ARFS Australian Recommended Food Score, ED-NP Energy-Dense, Nutrient poor, HDL High Density Lipoprotein, LDL Low Density Lipoprotein, MVPA Moderate to vigorous physical activity
  2. aTime differences were calculated as (3 months – baseline)
  3. bBetween group differences at 3 months
  4. cAdjusted for baseline values of BMI, physical activity steps and proportion of energy from Energy-dense, Nutrient poor (ED-NP) foods
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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