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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the HEYMAN intervention group and the waitlist control group

From: Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the ‘HEYMAN’ healthy lifestyle program for young men: a pilot randomised controlled trial

Variable

Intervention group (n = 26)

Waitlist control group (n = 24)

Total (n = 50)

Mean (SD) or % (n)

Age

22.4 (2.0)

21.9 (2.1)

22.1 (2.0)

Country of birth:

 Australia

76.9% (20)

83.3% (20)

80.0% (40)

 Other

23.1% (6)

16.7% (4)

20.0% (10)

Marital status

 Single/Divorced

88.5% (23)

79.2% (19)

84.0% (42)

 Married/De facto

11.5% (3)

20.8% (5)

16.0% (8)

Employment status

 Student (University)

65.4% (17)

58.3% (14)

62.0% (31)

 Student (Technical college)

3.8% (1)

0% (0)

2.0% (1)

 Employed

23.1% (6)

37.5% (9)

30.0% (15)

 Unemployed

7.7% (2)

4.2% (1)

6.0% (3)

Highest education level

 No formal qualification

0% (0)

4.2% (1)

2.0% (1)

 Higher School Certificate

53.8% (14)

66.7% (16)

60.0% (30)

 Trade/Apprenticeship

3.8% (1)

4.2% (1)

4.0% (2)

 Certificate/Diploma

3.8% (1)

8.3% (2)

6.0% (3)

 University degree or higher

38.5% (10)

16.7% (4)

28.0% (14)

Individual income ($AU)

 Lower ($0-$299 per week)

50.0% (13)

45.8% (11)

48.0% (24)

 Middle ($300-$999 per week)

38.5% (10)

45.8% (11)

42.0% (21)

 Higher ($1,000 or more per week)

11.5% (3)

4.2% (1)

8.0% (4)

 Did not want to answer

0% (0)

4.2% (1)

2.0% (1)

Physical activity

 Pedometer (means steps/day)

7722.7 (2514.7)

6171.1 (2067.6)*

6994.4 (2421.8)

 MVPA (minutes/week)a

137.2 (157.5)

108.8 (124.9)

123.3 (20.2)

Diet

 Diet quality (ARFS total score)

30.7 (8.6)

27.9 (11.2)

29.4 (9.9)

 Energy intake (kJ/day)

11090.6 (3413.4)

9982.6 (3168.9)

10558.8 (3312.2)

 Fruit (serves/day)

1.5 (1.2)

1.3 (1.1)

1.4 (1.2)

 Vegetables (serves/day)

3.5 (1.8)

3.5 (2.6)

3.5 (2.2)

 Proportion of energy from ED-NP foods (%)

40.2 (11.4)

41.8 (11.9)

41.0 (11.6)

 Proportion of energy from alcohol (%)

1.7 (1.6)

2.6 (3.0)

2.1 (2.4)

Psychological measures & well-being

 Satisfaction with life scale (total score)

23.8 (6.6)

22.5 (7.4)

23.2 (6.9)

 Salivary cortisol (nmol/l)

6.8 (4.8)

8.3 (4.8)

7.5 (4.8)

 Depression, Anxiety & Stress Scale (total score)

11.4 (8.1)

14.1 (11.1)

12.7 (9.7)

 K10 Psychological distress scale (total score)

18.5 (6.2)

21.0 (7.2)

19.7 (6.7)

 Mental Health continuum- short form (total score)

44.5 (13.2)

43.8 (10.2)

44.1 (11.7)

 Quality of life, enjoyment & satisfaction (total score)

49.2 (9.3)

49.3 (6.3)

49.2 (7.9)

Alcohol (AUDIT -C)

 Hazardous drinking

34.6% (9)

54.2% (13)

44.0% (22)

Weight status and body composition

 Current weight (kg)

83.6 (16.9)

80.9 (15.3)

82.3 (16.1)

 Current height (cm)

179.0 (6.6)

180.3 (6.5)

179.6 (6.5)

 Waist circumference

89.1 (12.0)

85.9 (11.9)

87.6 (12.0)

 BMI (kg/m2)

26.1 (5.0)

24.8 (4.1)

25.5 (4.6)

 Skeletal muscle mass (kg)

36.2 (5.8)

36.5 (4.6)

36.3 (5.2)

 Body fat mass (kg)

19.9 (10.0)

16.9 (9.6)

18.5 (9.8)

BMI category (kg/m2)

 Healthy weight

46.2% (12)

62.5% (15)

54.0% (27)

 Overweight

30.8% (8)

29.2% (7)

30.0% (15)

 Obese

23.1% (6)

8.3% (2)

16.0% (8)

Cholesterol (mmol/L)

 Total cholesterol

3.9 (0.8)

3.9 (0.7)

3.9 (0.7)

 HDL-cholesterol

1.2 (0.2)

1.3 (0.3)

1.3 (0.2)

 LDL- cholesterol

2.2 (0.6)

2.0 (0.6)

2.1 (0.6)

 Triglyceride

1.2 (0.6)

1.2 (0.7)

1.2 (0.6)

 Total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio

3.3 (0.9)

3.2 (1.1)

3.2 (1.0)

Blood pressure (mmHg)

 Systolic blood pressure

120.1 (9.0)

121.6 (8.3)

120.8 (8.7)

 Diastolic blood pressure

75.1 (4.7)

77.2 (5.6)

76.1 (5.2)

Resting heart rate (bpm)

69.7 (10.6)

73.8 (8.9)

71.6 (9.9)

Augmentation index (%)

40.3 (18.3)

34.6 (12.6)

37.6 (15.9)

  1. SD standard deviation; Significant differences between HEYMAN group and control assessed by t-test or chi-square analysis
  2. ARFS Australian Recommended Food Score, ED-NP Energy-Dense, Nutrient poor, HDL High Density Lipoprotein, LDL Low Density Lipoprotein, MVPA Moderate to vigorous physical activity
  3. *p < 0.05
  4. aone intervention participant removed as outlier as self- reported 7200 mins of MVPA per week