Acute caffeine ingestion reduces insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Xiuqin Shi; Wenhua Xue; Shuhong Liang; Jie Zhao; Xiaojian Zhang

doi:10.1186/s12937-016-0220-7

Nutrition Journal

Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies for the meta-analysis of insulin sensitivity

From: Acute caffeine ingestion reduces insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author Year	Study design	Subjects (n/m:f)	Subject characteristics (Age, body mass index [kg/m²], other information)	Duration of caffeine abstention	Caffeine dose Mode of administration Placebo	Insulin sensitivity assessment method
Battram 2006	Randomized Double-blind Crossover	11 11:0	23.3 ± 0.6 y Healthy, non-smokers Body weight: 76.4 ± 1.9 kg Percent body fatness 15.6 ± 2.3	7 days	4.45 mg/kg caffeine Orally Dextrose	OGTT ^aMatsuda & DeFronzo Equation [39]
Greenberg 2010	Randomized Single-blind Crossover	11 11:0	23.5 ± 5.7 y 23.6 ± 4.2 kg/m² 1 week prior: maintain stable diet, exercise, and alcohol intake No caffeinated drinks, foods, or medications No smoking No alcohol or exercise 48 h prior	48 h	6 mg/kg caffeine Orally Caffeine vs warm water Caffeinated coffee vs decaffeinated coffee	OGTT Matsuda & DeFronzo Equation [39]
Keijzers 2002	Randomized Double-blind Crossover	12 6:6	20–28 y Nonsmoking 21.9 ± 2.7 kg/m² (lean)	72 h	3 mg/kg caffeine Intravenously NaCl 0.9%	Hyperinsulinemic- euglycemic glucose clamp
Moisey 2008	Randomized Single-blind Crossover	10 10:0	23.3 ± 1.1 y 25.3 ± 1.05 kg/m² Non-smokers, healthy	48 h	5 mg/kg caffeinated coffe Orally Decaffeinated coffee	OGTT Belfiore formula [39]
Moisey 2010	Randomized Double-blind Crossover	10 10:0	23.3 ± 1 y 23.4 ± 0.8 kg/m² Non-smokers, healthy 3/10 Non-caffeine users	48 h	5 mg/kg caffeinated coffee Orally Decaffeinated coffee	OGTT Matsuda & DeFronzo Equation [39]
Petrie 2004	Randomized Double-blind Crossover	9 9:0	19–34 y No history of disease (diabetes mellitus) No drug or alcohol abuse Sedentary 34.0 ± 1.0 kg/m² (obese)	48 h	5 mg/kg caffeine Orally Dextrose	OGTT Matsuda & DeFronzo Equation [39]
Thong 2002	Randomized Double-blind Crossover	7 7:0	24 ± 1 y 23 cpe ± 1 kg/m² Lean	48 h	5 mg/kg caffeine Orally 5 mg/kg dextrose	OGTT Matsuda & DeFronzo Equation [39]

^aMatsuda and DeFronzo equation \( ISI=\frac{10000}{\surd FPG\times FPI\Big)\times \left(\overline{G}\times \overline{I}\right)} \) where FPG is fasting plasma glucose, FPI is fasting plasma insulin, \( \overline{G} \) is mean plasma glucose concentration during OGTT, and Ī is mean plasma insulin concentration during OGTT

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