Fig. 2

Fold changes from the baseline (fasting) in gene expression of (a) p105 (precursor of p50 subunit of NFκB), (b) TNFα, (c) TGFβ, and (d) IL-6 from circulating MNC between lean insulin-sensitive (—, ●) and obese insulin-resistant (−−--, ○) following ingestion of isoenergetic high carbohydrate (HC), high protein (HP), or high fat (HF) liquid mixed meals. NFκB/p105: P = 0.012 for group effect; P = 0.010 for meal effect; TNFα: P = 0.022 for group effect; P = 0.325 for meal effect; TGFβ: P = 0.016 for group effect, P = 0.039 for meal effect; IL-6: P = 0.125 for group effect, P = 0.007 for meal effect. No significant interactions (group × test meal) were found. Single time point comparisons between two groups, by using unpaired t test, are indicated with (*) when significant