Variables | Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | Triglyceride (mg/dL) | HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | Dyslipidemia | P-value | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Negative | ||||||||||||||||
Mean | SD | P-value | Mean | SD | P-value | Mean | SD | P-value | Mean | SD | P-value | N | % | N | % | ||
Awareness regarding nutrition labelling | |||||||||||||||||
Checks nutrition facts and makes labeling-dependent purchase decisions | 188.53 | 34.01 | 0.0399 | 111.89 | 79.41 | <.0001 | 55.48 | 12.75 | <.0001 | 110.68 | 30.10 | 0.0006 | 1,536 | 48.42 | 1,636 | 51.58 | <.0001 |
Checks nutrition facts but does not make labeling-dependent purchase decisions/Aware of nutrition facts but does not check them when making food purchase decisions | 191.32 | 34.24 | 129.82 | 102.12 | 52.80 | 12.52 | 112.55 | 31.57 | 4,778 | 57.28 | 3,563 | 42.72 | |||||
Unaware of nutrition facts | 192.54 | 36.35 | 144.53 | 109.29 | 50.13 | 12.25 | 113.50 | 33.74 | 4,108 | 66.54 | 2,066 | 33.46 | |||||
Sex | |||||||||||||||||
Male | 189.06 | 34.48 | <.0001 | 155.43 | 123.33 | <.0001 | 48.90 | 11.82 | <.0001 | 109.08 | 33.39 | <.0001 | 4,777 | 64.88 | 2,586 | 35.12 | <.0001 |
Female | 192.80 | 35.24 | 114.85 | 78.70 | 54.81 | 12.58 | 115.02 | 30.92 | 5,645 | 54.68 | 4,679 | 45.32 | |||||
Age (years) | |||||||||||||||||
30–39 | 183.28 | 33.23 | <.0001 | 116.04 | 97.17 | <.0001 | 54.78 | 12.67 | <.0001 | 105.30 | 29.70 | <.0001 | 1,816 | 44.16 | 2,296 | 55.84 | <.0001 |
40–49 | 190.31 | 33.50 | 130.36 | 113.12 | 53.24 | 12.41 | 110.99 | 31.25 | 2,151 | 54.65 | 1,785 | 45.35 | |||||
50–59 | 199.50 | 34.47 | 142.52 | 109.54 | 52.56 | 12.75 | 118.43 | 33.11 | 2,595 | 68.76 | 1,179 | 31.24 | |||||
60+ | 192.14 | 36.17 | 136.74 | 89.46 | 49.90 | 12.18 | 114.89 | 32.61 | 3,860 | 65.81 | 2,005 | 34.19 | |||||
Educational level | |||||||||||||||||
Under high school graduation | 192.88 | 35.56 | 0.1972 | 136.69 | 104.97 | 0.0105 | 51.73 | 12.58 | 0.1640 | 113.82 | 33.02 | 0.0338 | 7,343 | 62.92 | 4,327 | 37.08 | <.0001 |
Bachelor’s degree | 187.73 | 33.61 | 121.24 | 94.43 | 53.75 | 12.57 | 109.74 | 30.09 | 2,679 | 50.64 | 2,611 | 49.36 | |||||
Master’s degree or above | 190.55 | 33.42 | 128.79 | 93.64 | 52.14 | 12.55 | 112.66 | 30.07 | 400 | 55.02 | 327 | 44.98 | |||||
Economic activity | |||||||||||||||||
Unemployed | 191.26 | 36.26 | 0.5049 | 125.39 | 87.09 | 0.0150 | 52.62 | 12.87 | 0.0188 | 113.57 | 32.13 | 0.1766 | 4,024 | 58.60 | 2,843 | 41.40 | 0.4833 |
Employed | 191.23 | 34.14 | 135.77 | 109.81 | 52.17 | 12.44 | 111.90 | 32.08 | 6,398 | 59.13 | 4,422 | 40.87 | |||||
Household income | |||||||||||||||||
Low | 191.86 | 36.26 | 0.5209 | 140.45 | 96.60 | 0.2011 | 50.15 | 12.60 | 0.0143 | 113.62 | 33.65 | 0.3923 | 2,249 | 66.52 | 1,132 | 33.48 | <.0001 |
Mid-low | 191.04 | 35.62 | 133.31 | 110.04 | 52.20 | 12.58 | 112.18 | 32.03 | 2,634 | 58.65 | 1,857 | 41.35 | |||||
Mid-high | 190.33 | 34.21 | 128.97 | 101.42 | 52.99 | 12.49 | 111.55 | 32.33 | 2,750 | 55.86 | 2,173 | 44.14 | |||||
High | 191.92 | 34.22 | 127.06 | 97.02 | 53.36 | 12.59 | 113.15 | 30.80 | 2,789 | 57.01 | 2,103 | 42.99 | |||||
BMI | |||||||||||||||||
<23 | 185.60 | 33.75 | <.0001 | 106.94 | 79.58 | <.0001 | 55.72 | 13.07 | <.0001 | 108.50 | 30.34 | <.0001 | 3,666 | 46.41 | 4,233 | 53.59 | <.0001 |
23–25 | 192.73 | 34.30 | 136.59 | 100.29 | 51.06 | 11.92 | 114.35 | 31.64 | 2,683 | 63.31 | 1,555 | 36.69 | |||||
>25 | 198.14 | 35.85 | 163.34 | 119.96 | 48.53 | 11.11 | 116.93 | 34.14 | 4,073 | 73.39 | 1,477 | 26.61 | |||||
Aerobic exercise habits | |||||||||||||||||
Yes | 190.61 | 33.52 | 0.4412 | 126.55 | 96.47 | <.0001 | 53.42 | 12.90 | <.0001 | 111.87 | 31.27 | 0.9488 | 2,425 | 56.86 | 1,840 | 43.14 | 0.0016 |
No | 191.45 | 35.43 | 133.39 | 103.28 | 52.01 | 12.50 | 112.76 | 32.36 | 7,997 | 59.58 | 5,425 | 40.42 | |||||
Smoking status | |||||||||||||||||
Non-smoker | 191.20 | 34.87 | <.0001 | 123.16 | 89.01 | <.0001 | 52.98 | 12.51 | <.0001 | 113.59 | 31.11 | 0.2760 | 8,152 | 57.01 | 6,148 | 42.99 | <.0001 |
Smoker | 191.41 | 35.42 | 167.97 | 137.71 | 49.67 | 12.67 | 108.15 | 35.69 | 2,270 | 67.02 | 1,117 | 32.98 | |||||
High risk drinking | |||||||||||||||||
No | 190.96 | 34.90 | <.0001 | 125.77 | 89.46 | <.0001 | 52.13 | 12.44 | <.0001 | 113.68 | 31.34 | <.0001 | 9,254 | 58.00 | 6,702 | 42.00 | <.0001 |
Yes | 193.88 | 35.57 | 186.79 | 169.14 | 54.38 | 13.89 | 102.14 | 36.89 | 1,168 | 67.48 | 563 | 32.52 | |||||
Family history for hyperlipidemia | |||||||||||||||||
No | 191.12 | 34.91 | <.0001 | 132.05 | 102.08 | 0.1179 | 52.24 | 12.58 | 0.1999 | 112.46 | 32.11 | 0.0020 | 9,995 | 59.04 | 6,934 | 40.96 | 0.1381 |
Yes | 194.05 | 36.41 | 124.93 | 92.97 | 54.65 | 13.00 | 114.41 | 32.06 | 427 | 56.33 | 331 | 43.67 | |||||
Survey year | |||||||||||||||||
2010 | 190.41 | 35.86 | 0.0245 | 130.30 | 98.76 | 0.0539 | 52.71 | 12.77 | <.0001 | 111.64 | 32.60 | 0.0032 | 2,294 | 57.84 | 1,672 | 42.16 | 0.0189 |
2011 | 192.84 | 36.05 | 132.72 | 106.89 | 52.93 | 12.80 | 113.36 | 32.66 | 2,352 | 59.39 | 1,608 | 40.61 | |||||
2012 | 191.79 | 34.76 | 130.01 | 98.86 | 51.46 | 12.45 | 114.33 | 31.93 | 2,187 | 60.77 | 1,412 | 39.23 | |||||
2013 | 190.80 | 34.06 | 133.48 | 106.04 | 52.15 | 12.30 | 111.95 | 32.09 | 1,879 | 59.35 | 1,287 | 40.65 | |||||
2014 | 190.05 | 33.47 | 132.59 | 97.21 | 52.36 | 12.62 | 111.17 | 30.81 | 1,710 | 57.08 | 1,286 | 42.92 | |||||
Stress awareness | |||||||||||||||||
Low | 191.18 | 34.87 | 0.1373 | 131.38 | 99.14 | 0.3396 | 52.23 | 12.58 | 0.9746 | 112.67 | 32.04 | 0.2953 | 8,020 | 59.25 | 5,517 | 40.75 | 0.1178 |
High | 191.46 | 35.33 | 132.92 | 109.72 | 52.73 | 12.69 | 112.14 | 32.32 | 2,402 | 57.88 | 1,748 | 42.12 | |||||
Subjective health status | |||||||||||||||||
Good | 191.50 | 34.39 | 0.0008 | 126.37 | 95.89 | 0.0031 | 53.29 | 12.74 | <.0001 | 112.93 | 31.31 | 0.0005 | 3,316 | 57.01 | 2,501 | 42.99 | <.0001 |
Normal | 191.20 | 34.43 | 133.28 | 106.44 | 52.25 | 12.57 | 112.30 | 32.02 | 5,173 | 59.20 | 3,565 | 40.80 | |||||
Bad | 190.88 | 37.50 | 137.42 | 98.28 | 50.86 | 12.33 | 112.54 | 33.77 | 1,933 | 61.72 | 1,199 | 38.28 | |||||
The frequency of eating out | |||||||||||||||||
Less than four times a week | 191.43 | 35.53 | 0.0007 | 128.23 | 96.74 | 0.8791 | 52.55 | 12.76 | 0.9080 | 113.24 | 32.19 | 0.0001 | 7,138 | 58.92 | 4,977 | 41.08 | 0.9811 |
More than five times a week | 190.83 | 33.75 | 139.38 | 111.40 | 51.90 | 12.28 | 111.05 | 31.86 | 3,284 | 58.94 | 2,288 | 41.06 | |||||
Total | 191.243 | 34.976 | 131.74 | 101.717 | 52.347 | 12.611 | 112.548 | 32.105 | 10,422 | 58.92 | 7,265 | 41.08 |