Impact of nutritional support that does and does not meet guideline standards on clinical outcome in surgical patients at nutritional risk: a prospective cohort study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients in cohorts receiving and not receiving nutritional support meeting guideline standard

	Calories or nutritional support not meeting guideline standards (n = 320)	Calories and nutritional support meeting guideline standards (n = 205)	P value
Male (percentage)	188 (58.7 %)	100 (48.8 %)	0.025
Age (mean ± SD)	66.43 ± 11.73	62.86 ± 13.99	0.006
Nutritional risk (mean ± SD)	4.09 ± 0.90	4.08 ± 0.93	0.134
BMI (mean ± SD)	21.09 ± 2.51	20.80 ± 2.56	0.687
Body weight loss >5 %	126 (39.4 %)	117 (57.1 %)	<0.001
Food intake <75 %	240 (75.0 %)	142 (69.3 %)	0.150
Average calories (kcal/person/day)	15.35 ± 2.44	22.67 ± 1.48	< 0.001
Average N amount (g/person/day)	0.66 ± 0.51	1.15 ± 0.09	< 0.001
Duration of nutritional support (days)	——	10.5 ± 2.6	——
Postoperative hospital stay (days)	15 (13,19)	15 (12, 20)	0.609
Diagnosis^a (n)			< 0.001
A1	11 (3.4 %)	6 (2.9 %)
A2	123 (38.4 %)	117 (57.1 %)
B1	129 (40.3 %)	60 (29.3 %)
B2	57 (17.8 %)	22 (10.7 %)

^a A1 = benign gastrointestinal diseases: gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastric stromal tumours, jejunum stromal tumours, congenital megacolon, lengthy colon, rectal polyps, colonic diverticulitis; A2 = gastrointestinal cancer: gastric cancer, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, duodenal cancer, small intestine cancer, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma; B1 = benign disease of the liver, bile ducts and pancreas: bile duct stones, bile duct stricture, Mirizzi syndrome, bile duct cyst, liver haemangioma, pancreas cystadenoma, papillary tumour of the pancreas, pancreatic pseudocyst; B2 = malignant cancer of the liver, bile ducts and pancreas: cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer

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