| Normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) | Overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) | P * | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GG (N = 56) | GA + AA (N = 38) | P a | GG (N = 108) | GA + AA (N = 28) | P a | ||
Age (yrs) | 51 ± 2 | 48 ± 2 | 0.16 | 54 ± 1 | 54 ± 2 | 0.96 | 0.09 |
Gender (men/women) | 24/32 | 10/28 | 0.10 | 70/38 | 18/10 | 0.96 | 0.03 |
BMI (kg/m2)b | 23.10 ± 0.20 | 23.20 ± 0.20 | 0.21 | 28.50 ± 0.20 | 28.00 ± 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.03 |
Fasting metabolites a | |||||||
TC (mmol/l) | 5.46 + 0.13 | 5.30 ± 0.15 | 0.97 | 5.81 ± 0.10 | 5.85 ± 0.21 | 0.89 | 0.97 |
TAG (mmol/l) | 1.27 ± 0.70 | 1.11 ± 0.07 | 0.43 | 1.81 ± 0.09 | 1.65 ± 0.11 | 0.36 | 0.23 |
HDL-c (mmol/l) | 1.48 ± 0.05 | 1.56 ± 0.07 | 0.73 | 1.24 ± 0.04 | 1.31 ± 0.06 | 0.37 | 0.54 |
LDL-c (mmol/l) | 3.39 ± 0.13 | 3.27 ± 0.15 | 0.79 | 3.76 ± 0.09 | 3.79 ± 0.20 | 0.89 | 0.81 |
Glucose (mmol/l) | 4.98 ± 0.07 | 4.78 ± 0.06 | 0.31 | 5.37 ± 0.07 | 4.99 ± 0.09 | 0.007 | 0.006 |
Insulin (pmol/l)c | 36.50 ± 3.70 | 32.00 ± 4.30 | 0.51 | 57.60 ± 3.80 | 49.20 ± 6.60 | 0.75 | 0.54 |
NEFA (μmol/l) | 525 ± 30 | 493 ± 26 | 0.39 | 526 ± 17 | 494 ± 39 | 0.59 | 0.39 |
HOMA-IRc | 1.40 ± 0.20 | 1.20 ± 0.20 | 0.43 | 2.40 ± 0.20 | 2.00 ± 0.30 | 0.62 | 0.44 |
Postprandial measures a | |||||||
TAG (mmol/l × 480 min) | |||||||
AUC | 885 ± 51 | 754 ± 44 | 0.42 | 1293 ± 55 | 1189 ± 78 | 0.31 | 0.15 |
IAUCd | 284 ± 26 | 191 ± 21 | 0.09 | 396 ± 24 | 333 ± 29 | 0.12 | 0.02 |
NEFA (mmol/l × 300 min)e | |||||||
AUC | 147 ± 8 | 140 ± 7 | 0.35 | 157 ± 5 | 163 ± 7 | 0.29 | 0.92 |
IAUC | 92 ± 6 | 70 ± 16 | 0.06 | 102 ± 3 | 110 ± 6 | 0.22 | 0.49 |
Glucose (mmol/l × 480 min)f | |||||||
AUC | 2943 ± 45 | 2740 ± 166 | 0.46 | 3176 ± 56 | 2968 ± 153 | 0.15 | 0.07 |
IAUC | 564 ± 45 | 514 ± 55 | 0.82 | 590 ± 32 | 603 ± 60 | 1.00 | 0.93 |
Insulin (nmol/l × 480 min)g | |||||||
AUC | 99 ± 11 | 117 ± 9 | 0.37 | 141 ± 19 | 149 ± 30 | 0.28 | 0.33 |
IAUC | 81 ± 9 | 99 ± 9 | 0.41 | 129 ± 17 | 122 ± 28 | 0.47 | 0.36 |