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Table 1 Studies of lactose maldigestion in IBD using breath test, lactose tolerance test, jejunal biopsies or urinary sugar ratio tests

From: Systematic review and meta-analysis of lactose digestion, its impact on intolerance and nutritional effects of dairy food restriction in inflammatory bowel diseases

Author (reference) County

Activity of disease

Test Method

Age (female %)

CD N/ LM

Age (female %)

UC N/ LM

Age (female %)

Control N / LM

NOS Score

Gupta [33] India

I

BT

34.7 (26)a

27 / 10a

36.2

18 / 10a

36.2 (26)a

45 / 12

7

Eadala [24] Wales UK

Ic

BT Gen

19–86 (38)

70d / 2b

20–81 (44)

95 / 11b

21–56 (15)

30 / 0

8

Barrett [25] Australia

Ic

BT

40 (56)

92d / 39

40 (44)

56 / 22

34 (20)

71 / 13

9

Banos Madrid [34] Spain

nd

BT

nd

18 / 3

nd

24 / 4

nd

25 / 5

7

Ginard [35] Spain

nd

BT Quest

nd

nd

40 (32)

52 / 13

41 (20)

34 / 11

7

Von Turpitz [26] Germany

24A 25Ic

BT Bx

39.9 (30)

49 / 16

nd

nd

43.1 (11)

24 / 5

6

Mishkin [15] Canadaf

Ic

BT

36.9 (62)

121d / 70

37 (71)

139 / 65

nd nd

158 / 46

8

Bernstein [27] Canadaf

18A 11I

BT Quest

nd

nd

39 (13)

29 / 13

41 (4)

14 / 5

8

Kochlar [36] India

22A 38I

BT

nd

nd

36.7 (35)

60 / 25

36.4 (7)

20 / 8

7

Ogata [38] Japan

nd

BT LTT

nd

32/29BT32/30LTT

nd

nd

nd

51/26BT51/37LTT

nd

Park [28] Scotland

21A 41I

Bx

40 (38)

62d

nd

nd

40 (9)

13

5

Lobely [29] England

nd

USR

42 nd

16

42 (nd)

6

28.5 (13)

40

6

Pironi [37] Italy

Ic

BT

33 (23)

37 / 18

nd

nd

35 (36)

67 / 11

7

Kirschner [30] United Statesf

37Ag 33I of IBD

BT

13.5 (nd)

50 / 17

13.5 (nd)

20 / 5

nd (nd)

42

7

Pena [23] England

37A 35I

Bx

nd

nd

nd

72 / 9

nd

21 / 2

6

Tandon [31] United Statesf

nd

LTT

nd

nd

nd

70e [51/12] [19/16]

nd

94e [53/11] [41/29]

7

Chalfin [32] United States

nd

LTT

40.8 (2)

5 / 3

42.8 (5)

9 / 4

44.3 (7)

12

5

  1. BT breath hydrogen test, LTT lactose tolerance test, Bx jejunal biopsy, USR urinary sugar ratio(lactose/L-arabinose), Gen Genetic test for north European lactase polymorphism C/T-13910, Quest questionnaire, LM lactose maldigestion, LA lactose absorption, nd-not done or not stated, I inactive disease, A active disease
  2. aGupta reported LM % and gender distribution in IBD vs Control
  3. bEadala reported breath tests in the bracketted space and genetic test results in the primary listed numbers, CC is the genotype for lactase non persitence from the C/T-13910 north European polymorphism
  4. cIncluded information on previous surgery in Crohn’s disease. Mishkin reported no effect of surgery on LM. In these reports only Eadala reported a single patient after colectomy for ulcerative colitis
  5. dStudies which included enough data on site of disease in CD and frequency of lactose maldigestion
  6. eThis study evaluated Jewish and non Jewish patients and controls
  7. fStudies specifying ethnic make-up of patients and controls
  8. gKirschner et al. reported no effect of activity on LM