Table 3 Estimated macronutrient and food group intakes and estimated energy expenditure of premenopausal women in a 1-year randomized controlled trial of weight gain prevention in which women were randomized to a registered dietitian-led nutrition education group (RDG), a counselor-led nutrition education group (CSG) or a control group (CON)

Energy intake (kcal/d)

RDG (n = 26)

1783 ± 67

1723 ± 59

1675 ± 62

1703 ± 63

1599 ± 63

Group = NS

CSG (n = 29)

1796 ± 63

1703 ± 56

1804 ± 58

1742 ± 60

1843 ± 60

Time = NS

CON (n = 26)

1806 ± 67

1627 ± 59

1666 ± 62

1675 ± 63

1712 ± 63

G x T = NS

Total carbohydrate (g/d)

RDG (n = 26)

219 ± 9

205 ± 8

202 ± 8

208 ± 8

186 ± 8

Group = NS

CSG (n = 29)

214 ± 9

207 ± 7

217 ± 8

208 ± 8

219 ± 8

Time = NS

CON (n = 26)

205 ± 9

183 ± 8

180 ± 8

184 ± 8

194 ± 8

G x T = NS

Total protein (g/d)

RDG (n = 26)

71.2 ± 3.2

76.0 ± 2.9

71.8 ± 3.0

69.4 ± 3.0

68.6 ± 3.0

Group = NS

CSG (n = 29)

70.0 ± 3.0

69.2 ± 2.7

72.8 ± 2.8

71.7 ± 2.8

75.1 ± 2.8

Time = NS

CON (n = 26)

74.6 ± 3.2

68.5 ± 2.9

71.0 ± 3.0

73.6 ± 3.0

72.2 ± 3.0

G x T = NS

Total fat (g/d)

RDG (n = 26)

70.8 ± 3.6

68.4 ± 3.3

66.2 ± 3.3

68.2 ± 3.2

65.7 ± 3.3

Group = NS

CSG (n = 29)

73.3 ± 3.4

67.4 ± 3.1

71.8 ± 3.1

68.3 ± 3.0

72.0 ± 3.1

Time = NS

CON (n = 26)

76.5 ± 3.6

70.7 ± 3.3

70.1 ± 3.3

72.9 ± 3.2

72.7 ± 3.3

G x T = NS

Total fiber (g/d)

RDG (n = 26)

18.9 ± 1.0

20.7 ± 0.9

19.6 ± 1.0

19.6 ± 1.0

16.7 ± 0.9

Group = NS

CSG (n = 29)

19.3 ± 1.0

17.6 ± 0.8

19.9 ± 0.9

19.2 ± 0.9

18.5 ± 0.8

Time = NS

CON (n = 26)

17.5 ± 1.0

17.1 ± 0.9

18.4 ± 1.0

17.2 ± 1.0

17.9 ± 0.9

G x T = NS

Percentage carbohydrate (%kcal/d)

RDG (n = 26)

48.2 ± 1.1

47.0 ± 1.1

47.5 ± 1.0

47.8 ± 1.1

46.1 ± 1.0

Group = <0.01

CSG (n = 29)

47.3 ± 1.1

47.7 ± 1.0

46.9 ± 1.0

46.5 ± 1.0

46.2 ± 1.0

Time = NS

CON (n = 26)

45.4 ± 1.1

44.1 ± 1.1

44.1 ± 1.0

43.3 ± 1.1^a

44.5 ± 1.0

G x T = NS

Percentage protein (%kcal/d)

RDG (n = 26)

16.5 ± 0.6

18.0 ± 0.6

17.6 ± 0.6

16.7 ± 0.6

17.6 ± 0.6

Group = NS

CSG (n = 29)

15.8 ± 0.5

16.7 ± 0.5

16.7 ± 0.5

17.0 ± 0.5

16.8 ± 0.5

Time = NS

CON (n = 26)

16.6 ± 0.6

17.4 ± 0.6

17.7 ± 0.6

18.1 ± 0.6

17.2 ± 0.6

G x T = NS

Percentage fat (%kcal/d)

RDG (n = 26)

33.8 ± 0.9

34.0 ± 0.9

33.8 ± 0.9

34.6 ± 0.9

35.1 ± 0.9

Group = <0.01

CSG (n = 29)

35.1 ± 0.9

34.5 ± 0.9

34.9 ± 0.8

34.7 ± 0.8

34.6 ± 0.8

Time = NS

CON (n = 26)

36.5 ± 0.9

37.7 ± 0.9^{a b}

36.8 ± 0.9

37.7 ± 0.9^{a b}

36.9 ± 0.9

G x T = NS

Fruit (svgs/d)

RDG (n = 26)

1.9 ± 0.21

1.7 ± 0.15

2.1 ± 0.18

1.9 ± 0.17

2.0 ± 0.22

Group = <0.01

CSG (n = 29)

1.4 ± 0.20

1.2 ± 0.14

1.4 ± 0.17

1.3 ± 0.16

1.5 ± 0.20

Time = NS

CON (n = 26)

1.6 ± 0.21

1.0 ± 0.15^a

1.1 ± 0.18^a

1.0 ± 0.17^a

1.3 ± 0.22^a

G x T = NS

Vegetables (svgs/d)

RDG (n = 26)

3.4 ± 0.25

3.2 ± 0.21

3.3 ± 0.24

3.0 ± 0.22

3.3 ± 0.25

Group = NS

CSG (n = 29)

3.3 ± 0.24

2.9 ± 0.20

2.2 ± 2.23

3.2 ± 0.21

3.1 ± 0.23

Time = NS

CON (n = 26)

3.3 ± 0.23

3.3 ± 0.21

3.3 ± 0.24

3.3 ± 0.22

3.4 ± 0.24

G x T = NS

Whole grains (svgs/d)

RDG (n = 26)

1.7 ± 0.22

1.7 ± 0.19

1.6 ± 0.18

1.4 ± 0.18

1.4 ± 0.18

Group = NS

CSG (n = 29)

1.8 ± 0.21

1.7 ± 0.18

1.7 ± 0.17

1.8 ± 0.17

1.6 ± 0.17

Time = NS

CON (n = 26)

1.8 ± 0.23

1.7 ± 0.19

1.7 ± 0.18

1.6 ± 0.18

1.8 ± 0.18

G x T = NS

Refined grains (svgs/d)

RDG (n = 26)

3.9 ± 0.32

3.6 ± 0.29

3.6 ± 0.30

4.0 ± 0.32

3.4 ± 0.31

Group = NS

CSG (n = 29)

4.4 ± 0.30

4.3 ± 0.27

4.3 ± 0.28

4.1 ± 0.30

4.6 ± 0.30

Time = NS

CON (n = 26)

4.2 ± 0.32

3.4 ± 0.29

3.3 ± 0.30

3.6 ± 0.31

3.8 ± 0.31

G x T = NS

Lean meats (svgs/d)

RDG (n = 26)

1.7 ± 0.25

2.1 ± 0.25

2.1 ± 0.24

1.8 ± 0.25

2.1 ± 0.26

Group = NS

CSG (n = 29)

1.4 ± 0.24

1.4 ± 0.23

1.7 ± 0.23

1.9 ± 0.23

2.0 ± 0.25

Time = NS

CON (n = 26)

1.8 ± 0.25

1.7 ± 0.25

1.7 ± 0.24

2.0 ± 0.25

1.9 ± 0.26

G x T = NS

Non-meat protein sources (svgs/d)

RDG (n = 26)

1.7 ± 0.25

2.5 ± 0.22

2.4 ± 0.25

2.2 ± 0.24

1.8 ± 0.19

Group = <0.001

CSG (n = 29)

1.5 ± 0.23

1.0 ± 0.21^a

1.4 ± 0.24

1.4 ± 0.24

1.1 ± 0.18

Time = NS

CON (n = 26)

1.3 ± 0.25

1.5 ± 0.22^a

1.5 ± 0.25

1.4 ± 0.24

1.3 ± 0.19

G x T = NS

Low-fat and fat-free dairy (svgs/d)

RDG (n = 26)

0.55 ± 0.08

0.75 ± 0.10

0.80 ± 0.10

0.66 ± 0.09

0.71 ± 0.09

Group = NS

CSG (n = 29)

0.78 ± 0.08

0.89 ± 0.10

0.83 ± 0.09

0.64 ± 0.09

0.86 ± 0.09

Time = NS

CON (n = 26)

0.68 ± 0.08

0.79 ± 0.10

0.66 ± 0.10

0.84 ± 0.09

0.64 ± 0.09

G x T = NS

Energy expenditure (kcal/d)

RDG (n = 26)

1202 ± 126

1223 ± 113

1107 ± 122

984 ± 103

1038 ± 107

Group = NS

CSG (n = 27)

1168 ± 85

1040 ± 76

1007 ± 82

1062 ± 69

1074 ± 72

Time = NS

CON (n = 21)

1103 ± 163

1066 ± 146

1163 ± 158

1229 ± 133

1261 ± 139

G x T = NS