Table 6 Results on emulsion stability
TPN | Drug | Time after mixing h | Laser diffraction | Dynamic light scattering | Light obscuration | ζ (mV) | pH d | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a% < 500 nm b | a% < 1 μm c | a% > 5 μm c | a% > 10 μm b | V.W. MDD nm | I.W. MDD nm | PI | PFAT2 | PFAT5 | PFAT10 | |||||
Olimel® N5E | Fresh without drug | - | 91 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 330 ± 0 | 273 ± 2 | 0.05 ± 0.03 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | −38 ± 3 | 6.38 |
Heated 2 days (45 °C) | - | 89 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 344 ± 2 | 266 ± 2 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 5.43 ± 0.24 | 4.47 ± 0.22 | 1.17 ± 0.08 | −38 ± 1 | 6.27 | |
Heated 4 days (45 °C) | - | 68 | 75 | 9 | 5 | 1531 ± 25 | 275 ± 2 | 0.09 ± 0.03 | 5.60 ± 2.60 | 4.55 ± 2.26 | 2.19 ± 1.26 | −41 ± 4 | 6.17 | |
Ampicillin | 0 | 91 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 326 ± 1 | 272 ± 3 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | −51 ± 1 | 7.95 | |
4 | 92 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 326 ± 15 | 270 ± 1 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | −53 ± 2 | 7.83 | ||
Ondansetron | 0 | 90 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 325 ± 1 | 273 ± 2 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | −35 ± 2 | 6.17 | |
4 | 91 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 322 ± 0 | 272 ± 3 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | −41 ± 1 | 6.16 | ||
Paracetamol | 0 | 90 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 322 ± 0 | 274 ± 2 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | −43 ± 2 | 6.21 | |
4 | 91 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 318 ± 0 | 274 ± 7 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | −38 ± 2 | 6.20 | ||
Kabiven® | Fresh without drug | - | 82 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 365 ± 0 | 287 ± 11 | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.12 ± 0.03 | 0.05 ± 0.03 | −37 ± 2 | 5.55 |
Heated 2 days (45 °C) | - | 76 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 393 ± 0 | 287 ± 2 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 6.35 ± 1.25 | 5.06 ± 1.04 | 1.65 ± 0.32 | −39 ± 2 | 5.40 | |
Heated 4 days (45 °C) | - | 66 | 81 | 9 | 5 | 1616 ± 27 | 316 ± 19 | 0.25 ± 0.10 | 6.67 ± 0.22 | 5.48 ± 0.42 | 3.01 ± 0.89 | −38 ± 3 | 5.48 | |
Ampicillin | 0 | 83 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 353 ± 0 | 275 ± 2 | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | −51 ± 1 | 7.92 | |
4 | 83 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 359 ± 0 | 278 ± 1 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | −51 ± 3 | 7.82 | ||
Ondansetron | 0 | 83 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 355 ± 0 | 280 ± 2 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | −37 ± 1 | 5.55 | |
4 | 84 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 346 ± 0 | 280 ± 2 | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.13 ± 0.00 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | −37 ± 1 | 5.55 | ||
Paracetamol | 0 | 82 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 364 ± 0 | 277 ± 1 | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.11 ± 0.00 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | −38 ± 2 | 5.63 | |
4 | 83 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 357 ± 0 | 281 ± 2 | 0.07 ± 0.00 | 0.13 ± 0.00 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | −40 ± 2 | 5.60 | ||
SmofKabiven® | Fresh without drug | - | 89 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 326 ± 0 | 248 ± 1 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.31 ± 0.13 | 0.22 ± 0.11 | 0.06 ± 0.04 | −34 ± 2 | 5.43 |
Heated 2 days (45 °C) | - | 66 | 84 | 5 | 2 | 980 ± 11 | 279 ± 4 | 0.15 ± 0.03 | 5.65 ± 1.07 | 4.51 ± 1.01 | 1.79 ± 0.81 | −33 ± 3 | 5.39 | |
Heated 4 days (45 °C) | - | 22 | 41 | 30 | 14 | 4083 ± 75 | 342 ± 10 | 0.29 ± 0.03 | 8.69 ± 0.97 | 6.97 ± 0.84 | 3.21 ± 0.45 | −38 ± 3 | 5.36 | |
Ampicillin | 0 | 89 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 324 ± 0 | 242 ± 2 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.35 ± 0.25 | 0.27 ± 0.22 | 0.10 ± 0.10 | −48 ± 2 | 7.52 | |
4 | 90 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 317 ± 0 | 242 ± 1 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.22 ± 0.10 | 0.14 ± 0.08 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | −49 ± 2 | 7.34 | ||
Ondansetron | 0 | 89 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 324 ± 0 | 249 ± 1 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.37 ± 0.16 | 0.27 ± 0.14 | 0.08 ± 0.05 | −37 ± 2 | 5.54 | |
4 | 89 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 330 ± 1 | 247 ± 1 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.57 ± 0.08 | 0.39 ± 0.07 | 0.11 ± 0.05 | −34 ± 1 | 5.56 | ||
Paracetamol | 0 | 89 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 324 ± 0 | 242 ± 2 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.38 ± 0.27 | 0.28 ± 0.25 | 0.12 ± 0.13 | −39 ± 2 | 5.34 | |
4 | 90 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 325 ± 1 | 244 ± 7 | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 0.83 ± 0.58 | 0.44 ± 0.22 | 0.12 ± 0.08 | −40 ± 4 | 5.34 | ||