Table 1 Characteristics of studies on the association between serum vitamin D levels and kidney stone risk
Study, year | Country | kidney stones assessed | Study type | Kidney stone | Controls | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (Male) | Age (Mean ± SD) | Serum vitamin D: Mean ± SD (ng/ml) | N (Male) | Age (Mean ± SD) | Serum vitamin D: Mean ± SD (ng/ml) | ||||
Berlin et al. [14] | Sweden | Symptomatic | Case-control | 38 (34) | Na | 26.2 ± 1.6 | 32 (16) | Na | 17.6 ± 0.9 |
Fallahzadeh et al. [15] | Iran | Ultrasounds | Case-control | 36 (24) | 8.4 ± 4.7 months | 33.85 ± 14.73 | 36 (22) | 8.7 ± 4.7 months | 18.26 ± 7.43 |
Giannini et al. [16] | Italy | Symptomatic | Case-control | 25 (16) | 41.2 ± 2.4 | 39.6 ± 2.6 | 15 (7) | 49.0 ± 3.7 | 28.9 ± 1.8 |
Jarrar et al. [17] | Germany | Ultrasounds | Case-control | 57 (35) | 54.92 ± 23.32 | 53.65 ± 27.46 | 44 (22) | 53.34 ± 18.51 | 48.3 ± 30.8 |
Leaf et al. [18] | United States | Ultrasounds | Randomized controlled trials | 29 (22) | 48 ± 12 | 35 ± 10 | 29 (22) | 48 ± 12 | 17 ± 6 |
Netelenbos et al. [19] | Netherlands | Symptomatic | Case-control | 160 (106) | 43 ± 14 | 55 ± 23 | 217 (147) | 39 ± 11 | 53 ± 22 |
Shakhssalim et al. [20] | Iran | Symptomatic | Case-control | 106 (106) | 43.4 ± 6.9 | 127 ± 40 | 109 (109) | 38.4 ± 6.9 | 93 ± 35 |