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Table 1 Volunteers’ descriptive characteristics at baseline (n = 40)

From: Acute effects of coffee consumption on self-reported gastrointestinal symptoms, blood pressure and stress indices in healthy individuals

Characteristic

Total sample (n = 40)

Men (n = 20)

Women (n = 20)

P1

Age (years)

26.5 (23.0, 34.5)

31 ± 8.7

28 ± 7.8

NS

Body weight (kg)

70.9 ± 15.9

83.7 ± 11.0

58.1 ± 7.4

<0.001

Body Mass Index (kg/m2)

23.6 ± 3.5

25.7 ± 3

21.4 ± 2.4

<0.001

Body fat (%)

22.1 ± 6.9

20.1 ± 6.7

24.2 ± 6.7

NS

Lean body mass (kg)

54.8 ± 12.4

66.2 ± 5.9

43.3 ± 2.7

<0.001

Total body water (kg)

40.1 ± 9.1

48.5 ± 4.3

31.7 ± 2

<0.001

Daily caffeine intake (mg)

109.6 (49.9, 156.9)

120.2 (47.3, 159.5)

99.0 (49.9, 156.9)

NS

Daily energy intake (kcal)

1931.4 (1678.6, 2745.6)

2625.2 ± 878.5

1885 ± 437.2

<0.001

Carbohydrates (%)

43.7 ± 9.6

41.1 ± 8.5

46.3 ± 10.1

NS

Protein (%)

17.0 (13.5, 20)

17.8 ± 5.7

16.9 ± 4

NS

Fat (%)

37.9 ± 9.3

40.2 ± 8.1

35.7 ± 10.1

NS

Energy expenditure- HPAQ (kcal)

2400.0 (2070.0, 3128.0)

3061.6 ± 579.6

2070.0 (1643.5, 2203.5)

<0.001

Score of the PSS-14 Questionnaire (0–56)

31.8 ± 5.5

32.1 ± 4.3

31.6 ± 6.6

NS

Score of the Zung self-rating anxiety scale questionnaire (20–80)

30.9 ± 4.6

30.9 ± 5.3

31 ± 3.9

NS

Score of the Zung self-rating depression scale questionnaire (20–80)

33.8 ± 6.5

33.2 ± 6.5

34.4 ± 6.6

NS

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

122.6 ± 14.4

128.2 ± 12.3

117 ± 14.4

0.012

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

79.4 ± 10.3

83.3 ± 5.8

75.5 ± 12.3

0.015

  1. Data are Means ± SEM, or Median (1st tertile, 3rd tertile)
  2. Abbreviations: NS not statistically significant
  3. P-values < 0.05 were considered as significant