Fig. 4

Inflammatory cytokine responses to HFM between EX and CON groups at baseline, 2 h, and 4 h postprandially for (a) IL-1β (b) IL-6 (c) IL-8 (d) IL-10 (e) TNF-α. Circles indicate the EX group and squares indicate the CON group. Circles indicate the EX group and squares indicate the CON group. *Indicates a pairwise change from baseline. Error bars indicate 95 % CI. Significance set at (p < 0.05)