Skip to main content

Table 5 Cardio-renal-metabolic parameters according to quintile categories in each dietary pattern

From: Relationship between dietary patterns and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

Variable

Seaweeds, vegetables, soy products and mushrooms

Fish and meat

Noodle and soup

Quintile 1

Quintile 5

Model 1

Model 2

Quintile 1

Quintile 5

Model 1

Mode l 2

Quintile 1

Quintile 5

Model 1

Model 2

AST (U/L)

22 [19, 29]

22 [17, 26]

−2.07*

−1.71

21 [18, 27]

23 [19, 28]

1.14

0.98

21 [17, 25]

23 [18, 29]

3.25**

2.60*

ALT (U/L)

24 [17, 41]

22 [16, 33]

−1.52

−0.80

23 [16, 34]

25 [17, 34]

0.94

0.69

19 [15, 30]

26 [18, 39]

4.17***

3.29*

γ-GTP (U/L)

28 [18,48]

22 [15, 36]

−2.46*

−1.95

25 [18, 44]

25 [18, 38]

0.13

−0.01

22 [16, 30]

30 [21, 50]

3.62***

2.75**

Uric Acid (mg/dl)

5.5 ± 1.2

5.4 ± 1.2

0.12

0.51

5.6 ± 1.2

5.4 ± 1.2

0.75

0.63

5.2 ± 1.2

5.8 ± 1.2

0.85

0.27

eGFR (ml/min/ 1.73 m2)

81 ± 18

77 ± 16

-

0.17

77 ± 18

78 ± 17

-

0.08

78 ± 19

79 ± 17

-

−0.39

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

190 ± 27

186 ± 29

−1.64

−1.70

184 ± 30

187 ± 27

0.16

0.09

188 ± 30

185 ± 27

0.39

0.22

HDL-C (mg/dl)

59 ± 14

62 ± 14

1.08

0.60

58 ± 13

59 ± 14

−0.03

−0.07

62 ± 15

57 ± 13

−1.39

−0.59

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

101 [71,163]

96 [64, 144]

−1.74

−1.06

94 [66, 144]

112 [67, 152]

0.88

0.78

89 [64, 135]

116 [78, 164]

2.82**

1.73

Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl)

137 ± 34

131 ± 27

0.01

0.49

133 ± 32

138 ± 35

1.01

0.81

132 ± 31

137 ± 30

0.72

0.43

HbA1c

7.1 ± 1.1

6.9 ± 1.1

−0.48

−0.04

6.9 ± 0.9

7.1 ± 1.1

1.02

0.95

6.9 ± 1.0

7.0 ± 1.0

1.66

1.21

Systolic BP(mmHg)

128 ± 13

127 ± 15

0.12

0.83

127 ± 14

126 ± 15

0.09

−0.10

126 ± 15

128 ± 13

1.83

0.92

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

79 ± 10

75 ± 10

−1.00

−0.53

78 ± 13

76 ± 11

−0.19

−0.33

75 ± 14

78 ± 10

0.99

0.27

UAE (mg/g creatinine)

10 [6, 21]

10 [5, 17]

−2.12*

−1.74

10 [6, 24]

10 [7, 23]

−0.80

−0.88

11 [6, 30]

9 [6, 19]

−0.39

−1.18

baPWV (cm/s)

1528 ± 294

1556 ± 262

−1.62

−1.53

1536 ± 258

1535 ± 248

0.79

0.72

1549 ± 288

1536 ± 262

−0.91

−0.94

  1. Data are mean ± SD, median [range: 25 % to 75 %] or number of subjects (percentage) before adjustment. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001
  2. Model 1: Trend estimation for linear trends across quintiles is based on linear regression analysis for continuous variables or logistic regression analysis for categorical variables adjusted for age and gender. Model 2: Trend estimation for linear trends across quintiles is based on linear regression analysis for continuous variables or logistic regression analysis for categorical variables adjusted for age, gender, BMI, morningness-eveningness questionnaire, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, Beck Depression inventory, current smoking, and physical activity. Standardized regression coefficients are shown. ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, baPWV brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, BP blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, UAE urinary albumin excretion, γ-GTP γ-glutamyl transpeptidase