Table 3 Vitamin A deficiency and potential influence factors among pregnant women in China

Region strata

 Large cities

11

276

1

1

 Small to medium cities

13

347

0. 62(0.24–1.62)

–

 General rural areas

7

284

0.94(0.42–2.13)

–

 Poor rural areas

33

238

3.48(1.72–7.03)^a

4.73(2.67–8.41)^a

College or university

 No

52

780

2.03(1.07–3.85)^a

3.17 (1.51–6.67)^a

 Yes

12

365

1

1

Income

  < 10,000

14

185

4.60(1.30–16.24)^a

4.91 (1.31–18.46)^a

 10,000–20,000

22

317

4.21(1.24–14.26)^a

4.33 (1.18–15.90)^a

 20,000–30,000

25

461

3.29(0.98–11.03)^a

3.64 (1.01–13.16)^a

  > =30,000

3

182

1

1

Drinking

 Yes

20

118

4.00(2.26–6.94)^a

3.10 (1.65–5.81)^a

 No

44

1027

1

1

Smoking

 Non-smoker without passive smoking

24

529

1

1

 Non-smoker with passive smoking

31

594

1.15(0.67–1.99)

–

 Smokers

9

22

9.02(3.75–21.67)^a

5.68 (2.23–14.49)^a

Gestational age

 First trimester

10

461

1

1

 Second trimester

18

274

3.03(1.38–6.66)^a

2.40(1.05–5.46)^a

 Third trimester

36

410

4.05(1.98–8.26)^a

2.82(1.34–5.93)^a