Table 6 Mean nutrient intake across WG consumption groups in adults (19+ years) based on NHANES (2001–2012)^{1, 2}

Energy (kcal)

2177 ± 15^a

2079 ± 14^b

2285 ± 17^c

<0.0001

Carbohydrate (g)

259 ± 2^a

251 ± 2^b

289 ± 2^c

<0.0001

Total fat (g)

82.6 ± 0.7^a

80 ± 0.6^b

83.7 ± 0.8^a

0.0002

Protein (g)

82.1 ± 0.6^a

79.5 ± 0.6^b

88.3 ± 0.7^c

<0.0001

Total sugars (g)

122 ± 1.2^a

118 ± 1.4^b

127 ± 1.5^c

<0.0001

Total saturated fatty acids (g)

27.4 ± 0.3^a

26.2 ± 0.2^b

26.8 ± 0.3^ab

0.0029

Total polyunsaturated fatty acids (g)

17.2 ± 0.2^a

17.4 ± 0.2^a

19.3 ± 0.2^b

<0.0001

Total monounsaturated fatty acids (g)

30.6 ± 0.3^a

29.3 ± 0.2^b

30.2 ± 0.3^a

0.0016

Dietary fiber (g)

13.7 ± 0.2^a

15.5 ± 0.1^b

22 ± 0.2^c

<0.0001

Cholesterol (mg)

303 ± 3^a

278 ± 3^b

267 ± 4^c

<0.0001

Sodium (mg)

3501 ± 25^a

3369 ± 28^b

3700 ± 30^c

<0.0001

Potassium (mg)

2556 ± 18^a

2686 ± 19^b

3099 ± 23^c

<0.0001

Calcium (mg)

858 ± 9^a

923 ± 9^b

1106 ± 11^c

<0.0001

Vitamin C (mg)

79.3 ± 1.6^a

88.7 ± 1.8^b

101 ± 2.1^c

<0.0001

Thiamin (Vitamin B1) (mg)

1.5 ± 0.01^a

1.6 ± 0.02^b

2 ± 0.02^c

<0.0001

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) (mg)

2 ± 0.02^a

2.2 ± 0.02^b

2.6 ± 0.02^c

<0.0001

Niacin (mg)

23.7 ± 0.2^a

24.2 ± 0.2^a

28.6 ± 0.2^b

<0.0001

Vitamin B6 (mg)

1.8 ± 0.02^a

1.9 ± 0.02^b

2.4 ± 0.02^c

<0.0001

Vitamin B12 (mcg)

4.9 ± 0.1^a

5.5 ± 0.2^b

6.1 ± 0.1^c

<0.0001

Iron (mg)

13.5 ± 0.1^a

15.1 ± 0.1^b

19.7 ± 0.2^c

<0.0001

Zinc (mg)

11.2 ± 0.1^a

11.6 ± 0.1^b

14.1 ± 0.1^c

<0.0001

Magnesium (mg)

263 ± 2^a

284 ± 2^b

368 ± 3^c

<0.0001

Folate, DFE (mcg)

473 ± 4^a

540 ± 6^b

687 ± 8^c

<0.0001

Vitamin E as alpha-tocopherol (mg)

7 ± 0.1^a

7.6 ± 0.1^b

9.1 ± 0.1^c

<0.0001

Vitamin A, RAE (mcg)

522 ± 9^a

657 ± 18^b

787 ± 13^c

<0.0001

Vitamin D (D2 + D3) (mcg)

3.9 ± 0.1^a

4.9 ± 0.1^b

5.8 ± 0.1^c

<0.0001

Selenium (mcg)

108 ± 1^a

107 ± 1^a

121 ± 1^b

<0.0001