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Table 6 Blood biochemical parameters during the intervention period and post- ingestion period

From: Oral intake of a combination of glucosyl hesperidin and caffeine elicits an anti-obesity effect in healthy, moderately obese subjects: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

    

Intervention period

post- ingestion period

Parameter

Standard value

Group

n

Week-0

Week-4

Week-8

Week-12

Week-16

Triglyceride (mg/dl)

50 ~ 149

Placebo

14

144 ± 65

142 ± 43

131 ± 55

141 ± 61

119 ± 44

GH

15

128 ± 55

132 ± 49

134 ± 71

153 ± 70

152 ± 58

GH + Caf 25

15

126 ± 48

137 ± 53

135 ± 47

129 ± 36

127 ± 47

GH + Caf 50

15

133 ± 70

137 ± 29

136 ± 50

148 ± 66

144 ± 54

GH + Caf 75

15

156 ± 74

136 ± 35

127 ± 40

134 ± 39

135 ± 41

ΔTriglyceride (mg/dl)

 

Placebo

14

 

−1.4 ± 58

−12.4 ± 49

−2.6 ± 57

−24.9 ± 50

GH

15

 

4.3 ± 33

5.5 ± 46

24.6 ± 60

24.0 ± 47

GH + Caf 25

15

 

11.1 ± 49

8.9 ± 51

3.0 ± 44

1.0 ± 46

GH + Caf 50

15

 

4.4 ± 69

2.9 ± 70

15.3 ± 45

10.7 ± 54

GH + Caf 75

15

 

−21.9 ± 80

−29.3 ± 66

−22.7 ± 61

−21.3 ± 74

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

150 ~ 219

Placebo

14

220 ± 37

216 ± 44

215 ± 39

220 ± 39

219 ± 45

GH

15

229 ± 29

217 ± 29*

224 ± 29

224 ± 30

222 ± 28

GH + Caf 25

15

213 ± 27

210 ± 24

202 ± 30

205 ± 26

205 ± 31

GH + Caf 50

15

222 ± 34

218 ± 37

216 ± 34

222 ± 34

219 ± 40

GH + Caf 75

15

241 ± 27

228 ± 31

225 ± 27*

227 ± 24*

233 ± 23

ΔTotal cholesterol (mg/dl)

 

Placebo

14

 

−4.8 ± 20

−5.2 ± 16

−0.1 ± 18

−1.9 ± 24

GH

15

 

−12.5 ± 17

−5.3 ± 15

−5.8 ± 14

−7.6 ± 16

GH + Caf 25

15

 

−3.3 ± 17

−11.3 ± 21

−8.2 ± 16

−8.5 ± 17

GH + Caf 50

15

 

−4.5 ± 16

−6.1 ± 18

0 ± 15

−3.2 ± 22

GH + Caf 75

15

 

−5.3 ± 22

−15.5 ± 21

−13.1 ± 14

−7.6 ± 22

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)

Men:

Placebo

14

54.6 ± 12

51.8 ± 10

51.5 ± 12

51.8 ± 11

53.0 ± 12

40 ~ 80

GH

15

53.9 ± 10

51.8 ± 10

52.3 ± 9

50.9 ± 9

51.7 ± 9

Women:

GH + Caf 25

15

53.9 ± 11

53.4 ± 13

49.3 ± 10**

49.9 ± 11**

50.9 ± 10

40 ~ 90

GH + Caf 50

15

53.6 ± 11

51.5 ± 9

49.7 ± 6

50.1 ± 8

51.7 ± 8

 

GH + Caf 75

15

56.5 ± 11

55.9 ± 12

55.0 ± 12

54.3 ± 11

55.1 ± 10

ΔHDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)

 

Placebo

14

 

−2.8 ± 6.2

−3.1 ± 4.7

−2.8 ± 5.0

−1.6 ± 5.6

GH

15

 

−2.1 ± 5.4

−1.6 ± 4.4

−3.0 ± 5.6

−2.1 ± 4.8

GH + Caf 25

15

 

−0.5 ± 4.9

−4.6 ± 4.4

−4.0 ± 3.9

−3.1 ± 4.4

GH + Caf 50

15

 

−2.1 ± 5.1

−3.9 ± 7.1

−3.5 ± 4.8

−1.9 ± 8.2

GH + Caf 75

15

 

−0.3 ± 6.7

−1.5 ± 6.4

−2.2 ± 5.7

−1.4 ± 5.8

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)

70 ~ 139

Placebo

14

147 ± 41

142 ± 44

145 ± 40

144 ± 39

148 ± 47

GH

15

151 ± 29

140 ± 24

148 ± 30

140 ± 30*

144 ± 25

GH + Caf 25

15

140 ± 30

137 ± 20

134 ± 27

133 ± 25

134 ± 27

GH + Caf 50

15

149 ± 37

147 ± 40

147 ± 36

148 ± 36

147 ± 37

GH + Caf 75

15

161 ± 28

155 ± 29

152 ± 19

149 ± 21

160 ± 24

ΔLDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

 

Placebo

14

 

−5.6 ± 17

−2.4 ± 15

−2.8 ± 16

0.9 ± 21

GH

15

 

−11.0 ± 17

−3.1 ± 15

−10.6 ± 14

−7.5 ± 14

GH + Caf 25

15

 

−2.6 ± 21

−5.9 ± 18

−7.5 ± 14

−5.9 ± 15

GH + Caf 50

15

 

−2.7 ± 16

−2.3 ± 18

−1.0 ± 14

−2.8 ± 15

GH + Caf 75

15

 

1.1 ± 31

−8.9 ± 20

−12.2 ± 21

−1.5 ± 23

  1. GH glucosyl hesperidin 500 mg, Caf 25, 50, 75, caffeine 25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg, BMI Body Mass Index, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein
  2. Mean ± SD *p < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. baseline (week 0) (paired t-test)
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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