Table 1 Subject characteristics according to categories of daily isoflavone intake
From: Relationship between daily isoflavone intake and sleep in Japanese adults: a cross-sectional study
Categories of isoflavone intakea | p for trendb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (Low) | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 (High) | ||
n | 269 | 269 | 269 | 269 | |
Sex (male; %) | 75.8 | 79.6 | 77.3 | 74.7 | 0.628 |
Age (years) | 43.3 (42.0, 44.5)c | 45.5 (44.3, 46.7) | 46.9 (45.7, 48.2) | 49.6 (48.4, 50.9) | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.1 (22.7, 23.6) | 23.2 (22.7, 23.6) | 23.5 (23.1, 24.0) | 22.9 (22.5, 23.3) | 0.672 |
Dietary intake | |||||
Vitamin B12 (μg/1000 kcal) | 4.0 (3.7, 4.3) | 4.6 (4.3, 4.9) | 4.9 (4.6, 5.2) | 4.9 (4.6, 5.2) | <0.001 |
Vitamin C (mg/1000 kcal) | 42.3 (39.4, 45.1) | 48.1 (45.2, 50.9) | 52.9 (50.0, 55.7) | 60.2 (57.3, 63.0) | <0.001 |
Vitamin D (mg/1000 kcal) | 5.0 (4.6, 5.5) | 5.9 (5.4, 6.4) | 6.8 (6.3, 7.3) | 7.1 (6.6, 7.6) | <0.001 |
Coffee consumption (g/d) | 254.6 (231.0, 278.2) | 236.7 (213.1, 260.3) | 247.7 (224.1, 271.3) | 211.4 (187.7, 235.0) | 0.028 |
PA (high; %) | 47.6 | 48.0 | 45.0 | 59.5 | 0.016 |
Smoking status (%) | |||||
Current smoker | 55.3 | 46.9 | 42.3 | 36.1 | <0.001 |
Ex-smoker | 8.2 | 12.2 | 15.0 | 14.5 | 0.016 |
Nonsmoker | 34.6 | 39.8 | 45.7 | 51.3 | <0.001 |
Drinking status (%) | |||||
Drinking everyday | 28.3 | 30.5 | 26.0 | 25.3 | 0.272 |
Drinking occasionally | 48.0 | 49.8 | 49.8 | 53.5 | 0.220 |
Nondrinker | 23.8 | 19.7 | 24.2 | 21.2 | 0.768 |
Education level ≥ college (%) | 76.6 | 68.0 | 71.0 | 73.6 | 0.626 |
Occupation (desk work; %) | 45.9 | 43.9 | 39.9 | 50.8 | 0.439 |
Metabolic syndrome (%) | 28.3 | 27.5 | 33.8 | 29.0 | 0.493 |
Depression (%) | 14.1 | 14.5 | 11.5 | 13.8 | 0.661 |
hsCRP (mg/L) | 0.1 (0.7, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.0) | 0.172 |
Hypnotic drug use (%) | 4.8 | 3.3 | 2.2 | 3.0 | 0.173 |