Table 2 Standardized estimates from structural equation models examining the pathways from perceived stress to weight status through eating behaviors and diet quality
From: Perceived stress, unhealthy eating behaviors, and severe obesity in low-income women
| Dependent variables | Explanatory variables | β | S.E. | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight status (Normal/underweight is referent) | ||||
| Overweight | Perceived stress | −0.06 | 0.10 | 0.54 |
| Diet quality score | −0.08 | 0.10 | 0.08 | |
| Income | ||||
| Less than $10,000 | −0.19 | 0.11 | 0.08 | |
| $10,000 to $39,999 (referent) | 0.00 | — | — | |
| $40,000 or more | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.77 | |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white (referent) | 0.00 | — | — | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.52 | |
| Non-Hispanic other | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.34 | |
| Hispanic | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.95 | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–24 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.18 | |
| 25–29 (referent) | 0.00 | — | — | |
| 30–34 | −0.14 | 0.10 | 0.16 | |
| 35–44 | −0.14 | 0.10 | 0.17 | |
| Two versus one 24-h dietary recall | −0.10 | 0.09 | 0.27 | |
| Moderate obesity | Perceived stress | −0.15 | 0.10 | 0.14 |
| Diet quality score | −0.15 | 0.10 | 0.15 | |
| Income | ||||
| Less than $10,000 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.14 | |
| $10,000 to $39,999 (referent) | 0.00 | — | — | |
| $40,000 or more | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.51 | |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white (referent) | 0.00 | — | — | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.30 | |
| Non-Hispanic other | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.23 | |
| Hispanic | −0.02 | 0.10 | 0.85 | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–24 | −0.22 | 0.10 | 0.03 | |
| 25–29 (referent) | 0.00 | — | — | |
| 30–34 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.21 | |
| 35–44 | −0.03 | 0.10 | 0.79 | |
| Two versus One 24-h Dietary Recall | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.25 | |
| Severe obesity | Perceived stress | 0.26 | 0.10 | 0.007 |
| Diet quality score | 0.25 | 0.09 | 0.007 | |
| Income | ||||
| Less than $10,000 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.39 | |
| $10,000 to $39,999 (referent) | 0.00 | — | — | |
| $40,000 or more | −0.09 | 0.10 | 0.36 | |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white (referent) | 0.00 | — | — | |
| Non-Hispanic black | −0.03 | 0.10 | 0.76 | |
| Non-Hispanic other | −0.13 | 0.90 | 0.17 | |
| Hispanic | −0.07 | 0.09 | 0.47 | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–24 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.86 | |
| 25–29 (referent) | 0.00 | — | — | |
| 30–34 | −0.02 | 0.10 | 0.81 | |
| 35–44 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.04 | |
| Two versus one 24-h dietary recall | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.97 | |
| Perceived stress | Income | |||
| Less than $10,000 | 0.28 | 0.10 | 0.005 | |
| $10,000 to $39,999 (referent) | 0.00 | — | — | |
| $40,000 or more | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.56 | |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white (referent) | 0.00 | — | — | |
| Non-Hispanic black | −0.05 | 0.10 | 0.65 | |
| Non-Hispanic other | −0.04 | 0.10 | 0.71 | |
| Hispanic | −0.01 | 0.10 | 0.94 | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–24 | −0.10 | 0.10 | 0.32 | |
| 25–29 (referent) | 0.00 | — | — | |
| 30–34 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.16 | |
| 35–44 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.08 | |
| Dietary recall day was a typical day | −0.05 | 0.10 | 0.61 | |
| Two versus one 24-h dietary recall | 0.04 | 0.39 | 0.07 | |
| Cognitive restraint | Perceived stress | −0.12 | 0.10 | 0.25 |
| Uncontrolled eating | Perceived stress | 0.38 | 0.09 | <.001 |
| Emotional eating | Perceived stress | 0.50 | 0.08 | <.001 |
| Diet quality score | Perceived stress | −0.18 | 0.10 | 0.08 |
| Cognitive restraint | 0.43 | 0.08 | <.001 | |
| Uncontrolled eating | −0.05 | 0.10 | 0.58 | |
| Emotional eating | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.89 | |
| Dietary recall day was a typical day | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.53 | |
| Two versus one 24-h dietary recall | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.74 | |