Fig. 3

Effects of fast food (left panel; all trials combined) and exercise (right panel; high intensity interval exercise+moderate intensity exercise vs. no exercise) on resting heart rate and blood pressure. Abbreviations: BL, baseline; BP, blood pressure; C, control group; HIIE, high intensity exercise; HIIE+MIE, exercise combined; HR, resting heart rate; MIE; moderate intensity exercise; NE, no exercise; RPP, rate pressure product; T2D, type 2 diabetes group. Estimated means and 95 % CIs from LMMs with the factors time, group and their interaction (left panel, figures a-d), and with the factors time, group, trial and their interactions (right panel, figures e-h). In the left panel significant (p < 0.01) time differences are indicated by *(from BL1), † (from BL2), ‡ (from food +30 min) and § (from food +2 h). For diastolic BP there is no significant time and group interaction, and the indicated significant time differences refer to the main effect of time for both groups. For RPP, the means and CIs are shown as back-transformed values, computed by direct exponentiation of the means and CIs from the LMM based on log-transformed data