Fig. 1

Effects of fast food (left panel; all trials combined) and exercise (right panel; high intensity interval exercise +moderate intensity exercise vs. no exercise) on left ventricular diastolic function. Abbreviations: BL, baseline; C, control group; e’, peak early diastolic tissue Doppler velocity; E/e’ , filling pressure; E, peak early filling velocity; HIIE, high intensity interval exercise; HIIE+MIE, exercise combined; IVRT, isovolumic relaxation time; MIE, moderate intensity exercise; NE, no exercise; T2D, type 2 diabetes group. Estimated means and 95 % CIs from LMMs with the factors time, group and their interaction (left panel, figures a-d), and with the factors time, group, trial and their interactions (right panel, figures E-H). In the left panel significant (p < 0.01) time differences are indicated by *(from BL1), † (from BL2), ‡ (from food +30 min) and § (from food +2 h). For peak early filling velocity (e) there is no significant time and group interaction, and the indicated significant time differences refer to the main effect of time for both groups