Table 2 Summary characteristics of studies included in the analysis of vitamin D deficiency and risk of dementia
References | Year | Country | Study type | Participants | Average age (years) | OR | 95 % CI | 25(OH)D (nmol/L) | Adjustment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Littlejohns [9] | 2014 | UK | Prospective cohort | 1547 | 73.6 ± 4.5 | 2.25 | 1.23–4.13 | <25 | Age, season of vitamin D collection, education, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, and depressive symptoms |
Littlejohns [9] | 2014 | UK | Prospective cohort | 1547 | 73.6 ± 4.5 | 1.53 | 1.06–2.21 | 25–50 | Age, season of vitamin D collection, education, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, and depressive symptoms |
Buell [12] | 2010 | USA | Cross-sectional | 318 | 73.5 ± 8.1 | 2.21 | 1.13–4.32 | ≤50 | Age, race, sex, body mass index, and education, kidney function, multivitamin use, season, diabetes, hypertension, plasma homocysteine, and ApoE allele status |
Annweiler [13] | 2011 | France | Cross-sectional | 288 | 86.0 ± 0.4 | 2.57 | 1.05–6.27 | <25 | Fully adjusted but without detailed information |
Nagel [14] | 2015 | Germany | Cross-sectional | 1373 | 75.6 ± 6.57 | 1.08 | 0.60–1.92 | ≤50 | Adjusted for age, sex, school education, smoking status, season, alcohol consumption, BMI, and history of depression |