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Table 3 The effect of almonds on measures of vascular activitya

From: Effect of almond consumption on vascular function in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomized, controlled, cross-over trial

Biomarker

Almond diet

Control diet

 

Pre

Post

Pre

Post

 SBP, mmHg

135 ± 21

135 ± 20

136 ± 26

135 ± 23

 DBP, mmHg

73.3 ± 10.3

73.8 ± 9.5

74.1 ± 10.7

73.7 ± 10.6

 FMD, %

7.7 ± 3.3

8.3 ± 3.8

7.8 ± 3.5

7.5 ± 3.7

 NMD, %b

12.0 ± 5.4

11.3 ± 5.3

11.2 ± 5.4

10.4 ± 5.2

 Carotid-femoral PWV, m/s

8.6 ± 1.6

8.4 ± 1.8

8.4 ± 1.7

8.4 ± 1.3

 Carotid-radial PWV, m/s

8.7 ± 1.6

8.5 ± 1.6

8.7 ± 1.8

8.2 ± 1.4

 Hyperemic blood flow, mL/min

984 ± 304

968 ± 334

1095 ± 477

964 ± 339

 Post velocity, cm/s

114 ± 28

109 ± 27

131 ± 99

107 ± 28

 Change in FBF (%)

657 ± 301

582 ± 221

592 ± 210

603 ± 227

 LnPAT

0.61 ± 0.39

0.43 ± 0.47

0.47 ± 0.46

0.50 ± 0.40

  1. aAbbrevations: DBP diastolic blood pressure, FBF forearm blood flow, FMD flow mediated dilation, LnPAT natural log of the pulse amplitude tonometry measured in the finger, PWV pulse wave velocity, SBP systolic blood pressure
  2. bNitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD) of the brachial artery, n = 22 participants because some subjects did not participate in this portion of the study if their SBP was <100 mmHg, if they had a history of migraine headaches or if they reported a previous history of prior adverse reaction to nitroglycerin