Designing optimal food intake patterns to achieve nutritional goals for Japanese adults through the use of linear programming optimization models

Table 1 Food groups and subgroups (g/day) with lower or upper limit constraints included in the linear programming optimization models^a

^aDiets assessed via four-day dietary records, one in each season (16 days in total), of residents in Osaka (urban), Nagano (rural inland) and Tottori (rural coast)
^bIn the five major food groups, constraints were set within the range from the 5th percentile (as a lower limit) to the 95th percentile (as an upper limit) of consumption by each sex and age group
^cIn food subgroups, however, constraints were set based on the 95th percentile of consumption by each sex and age group as an upper limit
^dAs intake of whole grain and reduced-fat dairy products were quite low among the study subjects, maximum intake level of each sex group was set as an upper limit for intakes of whole grain and reduced-fat dairy products, exceptionally

ISSN: 1475-2891