Figure 4
Effects of single and combined treatments with ginger & Gelam honey on expression of Ras/ERK & PI3K/AKT pathway genes in HT29 cells. RNA was isolated, reverse transcribed to cDNA, and then amplified by a real-time PCR detection system to measure mRNA levels of GAPDH, KRAS(A), ERK(B)AKT(C), Bcl-xL(D), caspase 9(E), NFĸB/p65(F), IĸBα(G). Target genes were normalized to GAPDH. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. a(p < 0.05) significant compared to control, b(p < 0.05) significant compared to 2.5 mg/ml of ginger, c(p < 0.05) significant compared to 5.0 mg/ml of ginger, d(p < 0.05) significant compared to 7.5 mg/ml of ginger, e(p < 0.05) significant compared to 40 mg/ml of Gelam honey, f(p < 0.05) significant compared to 80 mg/ml of Gelam honey, g(p < 0.05) significant compared to 100 mg/ml of Gelam honey, h(p < 0.05) significant compared to combination of 3 mg/ml ginger and 10 mg/ml Gelam honey, i(p < 0.05) significant compared to combination of 3 mg/ml ginger and 30 mg/ml Gelam honey.