Table 2 Associations between diet quality scores (Healthy Eating Index, HEI) and clinical characteristics, dietary intakes, and biochemical markers of postmenopausal women (n = 173).
Characteristics | N | Diet Good HEI > 80 (n = 5) | Diet Need Improvement HEI 80-51(n = 84) | Diet poor HEI < 51 (n = 84) | p value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical Characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.779 |
Age group (years) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
≤ 49 | 44 | 0 (0.0) | 23 (52.3) | 21 (47.7) |  |
50-59 | 86 | 4 (4.7) | 40 (46.5) | 42 (48.8) | Â |
≥ 60 | 43 | 1 (2.4) | 21 (48.8) | 21 (48.8) |  |
Age of menopause (years) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.933 |
≤ 40 | 29 | 0 (0.0) | 15 (51.7) | 14 (48.3) |  |
≥ 41 | 144 | 5 (3.5) | 69 (47.9) | 70 (48.6) |  |
Menopause duration (years) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.852 |
≤ 5 | 85 | 3 (3.5) | 42 (49.4) | 40 (47.1) |  |
6-10 | 45 | 1 (2.2) | 19 (42.2) | 25 (55.6) | Â |
> 10 | 43 | 1 (2.3) | 23 (53.5) | 19 (44.2) | Â |
Marital Status | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.619 |
with partner | 124 | 4 (3.2) | 57 (46.0) | 63 (50.8) | Â |
without partner | 49 | 1 (2.0) | 27 (55.1) | 21 (42.9) | Â |
BMI (kg/m2) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.757 |
< 25 | 42 | 1 (2.4) | 21 (50.0) | 20 (47.6) | Â |
25 - 29,9 | 68 | 3 (4.4) | 35 (51.5) | 30 (44.1) | Â |
≥ 30 | 63 | 1 (1.6) | 28 (44.4) | 34 (54.0) |  |
Waist Circumference (cm) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.379 |
< 88 | 48 | 0 (0.0) | 22 (45.8) | 26 (54.2) | Â |
≥ 88 | 125 | 5 (4.0) | 62 (49.6) | 58 (46.4) |  |
WHR | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.707 |
< 80 | 32 | 0 (0.0) | 17 (53.1) | 15 (46.9) | Â |
≥ 80 | 141 | 5 (3.6) | 67 (47.5) | 69 (48.9) |  |
Body fat (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.021 |
< 25 | 12 | 1 (8.3) | 3 (25.0) | 8 (66.7) | Â |
25-35 | 64 | 4 (6.2) | 25 (39.1) | 35 (54.7) | Â |
≥ 35 | 97 | 0 (0.0) | 56 (57.7) | 41 (42.3) |  |
Lean Mass (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.279 |
< 70 | 136 | 4 (2.9) | 70 (51.5) | 62 (45.6) | Â |
≥ 70 | 37 | 1 (2.7) | 14 (37.8) | 22 (59.5) |  |
Use of hormone therapy | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.316 |
Yes | 70 | 3 (4.3) | 40 (57.2) | 27 (38.5) | Â |
No | 103 | 2 (1.9) | 44 (42.7) | 57 (55.4) | Â |
Physical exercise | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.406 |
Yes | 35 | 0 (0.0) | 20 (57.1) | 15 (42.9) | Â |
No | 138 | 5 (3.6) | 64 (46.4) | 69 (50.0) | Â |
Smoking | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.264 |
Yes | 45 | 0 (0.0) | 26 (57.8) | 19 (42.2) | Â |
No | 128 | 5 (3.9) | 58 (45.3) | 65 (50.8) | Â |
High-Blood Pressure (mmHg) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.801 |
Yes | 70 | 1 (1.4) | 35 (50.0) | 34 (48.6) | Â |
No | 103 | 4 (3.9) | 49 (47.6) | 50 (48.5) | Â |
Dietary Intakes | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Total energy intake (kcal/d) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.005 |
< 2000.0 | 135 | 4 (3.0) | 60 (44.4) | 71 (52.6) | Â |
≥ 2000.0 | 38 | 1 (2.6) | 24 (61.2) | 13 (34.2) |  |
Proteins (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.009 |
< 10 | 16 | 0 (0.0) | 5 (31.2) | 11 (68.8) | Â |
10-35 | 153 | 5 (3.3) | 76 (49.7) | 72 (47.0) | Â |
> 35 | 4 | 0 (0.0) | 3 (75.0) | 1 (25.0) | Â |
Carbohydrate (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
< 45 | 79 | 0 (0.0) | 24 (30.4) | 55 (69.6) | Â |
45-65 | 90 | 5 (5.6) | 56 (62.2) | 29 (32.2) | Â |
> 65 | 4 | 0 (0.0) | 4 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | Â |
Lipid (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
< 20 | 3 | 0 (0.0) | 3 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | Â |
20 - 35 | 74 | 5 (6.8) | 57 (77.0) | 12 (16.2) | Â |
> 35 | 96 | 0 (0.0) | 24 (25.0) | 72 (75.0) | Â |
Saturated fat (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
< 7 | 54 | 2 (3.7) | 37 (68.5) | 15 (27.8) | Â |
≥ 7 | 119 | 3 (2.5) | 47 (39.5) | 69 (58.0) |  |
Monounsaturated fat (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
< 10 | 78 | 4 (5.1) | 53 (67.9) | 21 (27.0) | Â |
≥ 10 | 95 | 1 (1.0) | 31 (32.6) | 63 (66.4) |  |
Polyunsaturated fat (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | < 0,001 |
< 10 | 59 | 0 (0.0) | 13 (22.0) | 46 (78.0) | Â |
10-15 | 62 | 2 (3.2) | 32 (51.6) | 28 (45.2) | Â |
> 15 | 52 | 3 (5.7) | 39 (75.0) | 10 (19.3) | Â |
Biochemical Markers | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Glucose (mg/dL) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.942 |
≤ 100 | 132 | 4 (3.0) | 63 (47.7) | 65 (49.3) |  |
> 100 | 41 | 1 (2.4) | 21 (51.2) | 19 (46.4) | Â |
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.804 |
< 200 | 74 | 3 (4.1) | 35 (47.3) | 36 (49.6) | Â |
≥ 200 | 99 | 2 (2.0) | 49 (49.5) | 48 (48.5) |  |
HDLC (mg/dL) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.884 |
≥ 50 | 85 | 3 (3.5) | 40 (47.1) | 42 (49.4) |  |
< 50 | 88 | 2 (2.3) | 44 (50.0) | 42 (47.7) | Â |
LDLC (mg/dL) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.877 |
< 100 | 36 | 1 (2.8) | 16 (44.4) | 19 (52.8) | Â |
≥ 100 | 137 | 4 (3.0) | 68 (49.6) | 65 (47.4) |  |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.573 |
< 150 | 95 | 4 (4.2) | 46 (48.4) | 45 (47.4) | Â |
≥ 150 | 78 | 1 (1.3) | 38 (48.7) | 39 (50.0) |  |