|  |  |  |  | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Group | Week 0 | Week 10 | Week 14 | Within Group | G × T |
Total Cholesterol (mmol•L-1) | HED | 5.2 ± 1.0 | 4.8 ± 0.9* | 5.1 ± 1.3 | 0.12 | 0.67 |
 | ND | 5.4 ± 1.0 | 5.1 ± 1.5 | 5.0 ± 1.0 | 0.33 |  |
 | VLCHP | 5.2 ± 1.0 | 5.2 ± 1.1 | 5.1 ± 1.2 | 0.84 |  |
 | LCMP | 4.9 ± 1.0 | 4.7 ± 0.9 | 5.0 ± 0.7 | 0.11 |  |
 | HCLP | 4.9 ± 0.9 | 4.6 ± 0.9 | 4.7 ± 0.8 | 0.11 |  |
 | CON | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 4.6 ± 1.1 | 4.9 ± 1.1 | < 0.01 |  |
HDL Cholesterol (mmol•L-1) | HED | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 0.16 | 0.90 |
 | ND | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 0.55 |  |
 | VLCHP | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.94 |  |
 | LCMP | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 0.18 |  |
 | HCLP | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 0.86 |  |
 | CON | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 0.81 |  |
LDL Cholesterol (mmol•L-1) | HED | 3.2 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 0.7 | 3.2 ± 1.1 | 0.10 | 0.63 |
 | ND | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 3.3 ± 1.6 | 3.3 ± 1.2 | 0.55 |  |
 | VLCHP | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 3.2 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 0.97 |  |
 | LCMP | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 0.7 | 2.9 ± 0.6 | 0.16 |  |
 | HCLP | 3.0 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 2.9 ± 0.7 | 0.28 |  |
 | CON | 3.2 ± 0.9 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 0.07 |  |
Triglycerides (mmol•L-1) | HED | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 0.89 | 0.95 |
 | ND | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3* | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.07 |  |
 | VLCHP | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 0.09 |  |
 | LCMP | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 0.10 |  |
 | HCLP | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.5* | 1.2 ± 0.5 | < 0.05 |  |
 | CON | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 0.80 |  |
Insulin (pmol•L-1) | HED | 252 ± 333 | 211 ± 312 | 206 ± 313 | 0.08 | 0.46 |
 | ND | 60 ± 50 | 53 ± 46 | 154 ± 226 | 0.43 |  |
 | VLCHP | 351 ± 377 | 292 ± 341* | 294 ± 325*b | < 0.005 |  |
 | LCMP | 274 ± 410 | 233 ± 392 | 245 ± 398 | 0.23 |  |
 | HCLP | 227 ± 19 | 187 ± 200 | 200 ± 218 | 0.13 |  |
 | CON |  |  |  |  |  |
Glucose (mmol•L-1) | HED | 5.5 ± 0.5 | 5.8 ± 0.5 | 5.6 ± 0.5 | 0.20 | 0.85 |
 | ND | 5.2 ± 0.5 | 5.3 ± 1.3 | 5.1 ± 0.5 | 0.86 |  |
 | VLCHP | 5.5 ± 1.3 | 5.7 ± 1.9 | 5.6 ± 1.9 | 0.33 |  |
 | LCMP | 5.4 ± 1.0 | 5.4 ± 0.6 | 5.3 ± 0.6 | 0.39 |  |
 | HCLP | 5.4 ± 0.8 | 5.4 ± 0.6 | 5.2 ± 0.6 | < 0.05 |  |
 | CON | 5.1 ± 0.6 | 5.0 ± 0.6 | 4.9 ± 0.9 | 0.75 |  |
HOMA-IR | HED | 9.5 ± 13.7 | 8.1 ± 11.9 | 7.3 ± 10.6 | 0.11 | 0.55 |
 | ND | 2.0 ± 1.6 | 1.7 ± 1.3 | 5.3 ± 7.8 | 0.42 |  |
 | VLCHP | 12.5 ± 13.4 | 10.9 ± 12.5 | 10.5 ± 11.6* b | < 0.05 |  |
 | LCMP | 9.3 ± 12.9 | 8.0 ± 12.6 | 7.8 ± 10.9 | 0.21 |  |
 | HCLP | 8.1 ± 7.4 | 6.6 ± 7.4 | 6.8 ± 7.6 | 0.11 |  |
 | CON |  |  |  |  |  |
Leptin (pg•mL-1) | HED | 21.2 ± 6.4 | 19.4 ± 4.0 | 18.6 ± 5.9 | 0.33 | < 0.05 |
 | ND | 20.1 ± 6.8 | 15.4 ± 8.8 | 19.1 ± 7.9 | 0.18 |  |
 | VLCHP | 23.0 ± 7.5 | 17.1 ± 7.4* | 18.0 ± 7.2* | < 0.001 |  |
 | LCMP | 22.8 ± 7.9 | 21.8 ± 8.3 | 20.1 ± 7.8* | < 0.05 |  |
 | HCLP | 21.2 ± 7.0 | 17.8 ± 7.0* | 17.8 ± 7.7* | < 0.001 |  |
 | CON |  |  |  |  |  |
Ketones (uM) | HED | 0.06 ± 0.04 | 0.06 ± 0.04 | 0.16 ± 0.25 | 0.23 | < 0.05 |
 | ND | 0.18 ± 0.15 | 0.21 ± 0.15 | 0.37 ± 0.64 | 0.50 |  |
 | VLCHP | 0.09 ± 0.09 | 0.14 ± 0.19 | 0.08 ± 0.06 | 0.13 |  |
 | LCMP | 0.10 ± 0.13 | 0.10 ± 0.11 | 0.07 ± 0.05 | 0.34 |  |
 | HCLP | 0.08 ± 0.06 | 0.10 ± 0.07 | 0.07 ± 0.05 | 0.06 |  |
 | CON |  |  |  |  |  |
Cortisol (nmol•L-1) | HED | 1051 ± 878 | 1049 ± 692 | 833 ± 353 | 0.48 | 0.75 |
 | ND | 982 ± 556 | 1039 ± 485 | 855 ± 366 | 0.53 |  |
 | VLCHP | 921 ± 462 | 1011 ± 557 | 954 ± 439b, e | 0.37 |  |
 | LCMP | 957 ± 405 | 939 ± 370 | 914 ± 413b, e | 0.79 |  |
 | HCLP | 986 ± 447 | 949 ± 446 | 945 ± 487b | 0.82 |  |
 | CON |  |  |  |  |  |