Table 3 Immunomodulatory Polysaccharide-Rich Plant Powders: Oral Animal Studies
From: Immunomodulatory dietary polysaccharides: a systematic review of the literature
Source | Animal | Oral dose/day | Duration | Treatment | Significant effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agaricus (A. blazei) subrufescens (fruit bodies) | 6-week ♂ C57BL/6, C3H/HeJ and BALB/c mice (3/group) | 16, 32 or 64 mg | 2 weeks | Healthy animals | 32 and 64 mg ↑ liver mononuclear cell cytotoxicity | [25] |
Grifola frondosa | 6-week ♀ ICR mice (10-15/group) | 5% of diet | 36 weeks | Oral N-butyl-N'-butanolnitrosamine daily for first 8 weeks | ↓ #s of animals with bladder tumors; ↓ tumor weight; ↑ peritoneal Mø chemotactic activity, splenic lymphocyte blastogenic response & cytotoxic activity | [70] |
Laminaria angustata | Weanling SD rats (58/group) | 5% of diet | 26 weeks | IG DMBA, beginning of week 5 | ↑ time to tumor development and ↓ # of adenocarcinomas in adenocarcinoma-bearing animals | [77] |
Lentinula (Lentinus) edodes | 6-week ♀ ICR mice (10-17/group) | 5% of diet | 36 weeks | Oral BBN daily for first 8 weeks | ↓ # of animals with bladder tumors; ↓ tumor weight; ↑ Mø chemotactic activity, splenic lymphocyte blastogenic response, cytotoxic activity | [70] |
|  | 7-8 -week ♂ Swiss mice (10/group) | 1%, 5% or 10% of diet of 4 different lineages days 1-15 | 16 days | Injected IP N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea day 15 | All 3 doses of one lineage and the 5% dose of two other lineages ↓ #s of micronucleated bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes | [79] |
Lentinula edodes (fruit bodies) | 5-week ♀ ICR mice (14/group × 2) | 10%, 20% or 30% of diet | 25 days | Injected IP Sarcoma-180 ascites | All 3 doses ↓ Sarcoma-180 tumor weight | [78] |
|  | Mice: 1) CDF1; 2) C3H; 3) BALB/c; 4,5) C57BL/6N (9/group × 3) | 20% of diet | 25 days | Injected SC 1) IMC carcinoma, 2) MM-46 carcinoma, 3) Meth-A fibrosarcoma, 4) B-16 melanoma, or 5) Lewis lung carcinoma cells | ↓ growth of MM-46, B-16, Lewis lung, and IMC tumors; ↑ lifespan in Lewis lung and MM-46 animals |  |
|  | ICR mice (14/group × 2) | 20% of diet days 1-7, days 7-31 or days 14-31 | 31 days | Injected IP Sarcoma-180 ascites | ↓ tumor weight & growth when fed days 7-31 or 14-31 |  |
|  | Mice: 1) CDF1; 2) C3 H (5/group × 4) | 20% of diet | 7-12 days | Injected SC: 1) IMC carcinoma or 2) MM-46 carcinoma cells | ↑ spreading rate of activated Mø ↑ phagocytic activity |  |
Phellinus linteus | 4-week ♂ ICR mice (10/group) | 2 mg | 1 month | Healthy animals | ↓ serum & splenocyte IgE production; ↑ proportion of splenic CD4+ T cells & splenocyte IFN-γ production | [31] |
Pleurotus ostreatus | 6-week ♀ ICR mice (10-20/group) | 5% of diet | 36 weeks | Oral BBN daily for first 8 weeks | ↓ #s of animals with bladder tumors; ↓ tumor weight; ↑ plasma Mø chemotactic activity, splenic lymphocyte blastogenic response, cytotoxic activity | [70] |