Table 1 Effects of carbohydrate mouth rinse on performance in endurance exercise

Carter et al [15]

Cycling/1 hour at 75% W_máx

6,4% Malto (25 mL) every 12,5% of the trial completed

4-hour fasting

- 2,9% TT/+ 2,7% W

Whitham & McKinney [24]

Running/"self-paced" 45 min

6% Malto (200 mL) before and every 6 min of trial

4-hour fasting after standard diet

No difference

Rollo et al [23]

Running/10 min at 60% VO_2máx - 30 min according to "hard pace" RPE in Borg Scale

6% Glucose (25 mL) before and every 5 min of trial

Overnight Fasting

+ 1,7% distance

Pottier et al [23]

Cycling/1 hour at 75% W_máx

6% CHO-electrolyte solution (1.5 mL/kg b.w.) before and every 12,5% of the trial completed

3-hour fasting

- 3,7% TT/+ 3,3% W

Chambers et al [20]

Cycling/1 hour at 75% W_máx

6,4% Malto (25 mL) before and every 12,5% of the trial completed

6-hour fasting/overnight fasting

- 2,9% TT/+ 2,7% W

Beelen et al [25]

Cycling/1 hour at 75% W_máx

6,4% Malto (25 mL) before and every 12,5% of the trial completed

2-hour fasting after standard diet

No difference