Table 1 Baseline characteristics of all the 421 subjects included in the study

Males (%)

37.1

Age (years)

47.1 ± 11.4

BMI (kg/m²)

34.8 ± 3.9

Smokers (%)

22.3

BMD L2-L4 (g/cm²)

1.256 ± 0.163

BMD total hip (g/cm²)

1.096 ± 0.136

OPG (pg/ml)¹

1970 ± 672

RANKL (pg/ml)¹

0.08 ± 0.17

Serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L)

57.7 ± 20.7

Serum PTH (pmol/L)

5.41 ± 1.87

Serum calcium (mmol/L)

2.31 ± 0.11