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Table 4 Changes in study endpoints from baseline to visit 4

From: A natural seaweed derived mineral supplement (Aquamin F) for knee osteoarthritis: A randomised, placebo controlled pilot study

Measurement

Placebo**

N = 14

Aquamin**

N = 8

Group differences***

P values*

WOMAC – pain

5.38(2.80)

10.83(8.30)

3.5(7.1)

0.63

WOMAC – stiffness

4.81(4.37)

10.42(12.67)

1.9(8.8)

0.83

WOMAC – activity

6.54(2.16)

14.72(9.04)

5.5(6.8)

0.43

WOMAC – composite

6.17(1.96)

13.55(8.98)

4.9(6.7)

0.47

ROM – PF

3.84(2.48)

6.67(3.57)

2.7(4.3)

0.54

ROM – AF

1.92(2.63)

8.33(4.22)

6.0(4.8)

0.23

ROM – PE

-1.54(2.43)

0.83(1.54)

5.2(2.2)

0.028

ROM – AE

-1.54(2.43)

0.83(1.54)

5.2(2.2)

0.028

6 MWD

12.5(31.5)

150(48)

136(57)

0.03

  1. * P value based on ANCOVA group effect. ** mean change (SE). ***mean group difference in change (SE) based on ANCOVA estimated marginal means