Serum Glucose (mg/dL)
| | |
Pre (Pre-Supplementation)
|
93.2 ± 6.5
|
96.6 ± 9.0
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post)
|
93.9 ± 7.6
|
93.6 ± 7.0
|
15 min
|
93.7 ± 7.6
|
92.8 ± 6.0
|
30 min
|
94.1 ± 7.11
|
92.5 ± 6.1
|
45 min
|
93.5 ± 6.7
|
92.3 ± 5.8
|
60 min
|
93.0 ± 6.5
|
92.6 ± 7.0
|
90 min
|
93.7 ± 6.4
|
92.7 ± 6.6
|
120 min
|
93.4 ± 6.9
|
91.2 ± 6.5
|
Serum FRAP (μmol/L of Trolox Equivalents)
| | |
Pre (Pre-Supplementation)
|
364 ± 93
|
385 ± 78
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post)
|
354 ± 82
|
347 ± 67
|
15 min
|
370 ± 82
|
359 ± 76
|
30 min*
|
375 ± 80
|
369 ± 86
|
45 min
|
351 ± 78
|
366 ± 86
|
60 min
|
364 ± 76
|
358 ± 72
|
90 min
|
341 ± 73
|
359 ± 79
|
120 min
|
349 ± 76
|
349 ± 69
|
Plasma MPO (pmol/L)
| | |
Pre (Pre-Supplementation)
|
397 ± 162
|
362 ± 116
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post)
|
374 ± 117
|
347 ± 123
|
15 min
|
372 ± 118
|
361 ± 136
|
30 min
|
382 ± 145
|
358 ± 126
|
45 min
|
400 ± 132
|
366 ± 124
|
60 min*
|
431 ± 136
|
390 ± 133
|
90 min*
|
420 ± 125
|
394 ± 112
|
120 min
|
392 ± 135
|
377 ± 115
|
Plasma CRP (mg/dL)
| | |
Pre (Pre-Supplementation)
|
1.05 ± 0.88
|
1.75 ± 3.14
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post)
|
1.24 ± 1.51
|
1.11 ± 1.42
|
15 min
|
1.33 ± 1.73
|
1.01 ± 1.23
|
30 min
|
1.33 ± 1.77
|
1.14 ± 1.59
|
45 min
|
1.29 ± 1.75
|
1.15 ± 1.61
|
60 min
|
1.31 ± 1.77
|
1.08 ± 1.45
|
90 min
|
1.31 ± 1.75
|
1.09 ± 1.46
|
120 min
|
1.24 ± 1.65
|
1.02 ± 1.43
|
Plasma MDA (μmol/L)
| | |
Pre (Pre-Supplementation)
|
0.31 ± 0.13
|
0.37 ± 0.16
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post)
|
0.32 ± 0.13
|
0.31 ± 0.13
|
15 min
|
0.31 ± 0.13
|
0.30 ± 0.12
|
30 min
|
0.33 ± 0.13
|
0.30 ± 0.11
|
45 min
|
0.34 ± 0.14
|
0.31 ± 0.12
|
60 min
|
0.32 ± 0.12
|
0.30 ± 0.14
|
90 min
|
0.32 ± 0.15
|
0.30 ± 0.15
|
120 min
|
0.32 ± 0.16
|
0.30 ± 0.14
|
sE-selectin (ng/mL)
| | |
Pre (Pre-Supplementation)
|
22.6 ± 7.4
|
20.7 ± 8.5
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post)
|
19.6 ± 7.3
|
19.2 ± 7.3
|
60 min
|
20.0 ± 8.5
|
19.0 ± 7.6
|
120 min
|
19.7 ± 8.7
|
20.4 ± 8.6
|
sICAM-1 (ng/mL)
| | |
Pre (Pre-Supplementation)
|
104 ± 17
|
95 ± 25
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post)
|
100 ± 21
|
97 ± 13
|
60 min
|
96 ± 16
|
94 ± 21
|
120 min
|
96 ± 16
|
97 ± 17
|
sVCAM-1 (ng/mL)
| | |
Pre (Pre-Supplementation)
|
756 ± 145
|
732 ± 125
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post)
|
712 ± 124
|
709 ± 143
|
60 min
|
701 ± 112
|
700 ± 144
|
120 min
|
710 ± 118
|
719 ± 186
|
IL-6 (pg/mL)
| | |
Pre (Pre-Supplementation)
|
493 ± 1162
|
473 ± 1077
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post)
|
417 ± 1002
|
492 ± 1238
|
60 min
|
563 ± 1441
|
504 ± 1266
|
120 min
|
579 ± 1536
|
483 ± 1133
|
IL-8 (pg/mL)
| | |
Pre (Pre-Supplementation)
|
158 ± 243
|
139 ± 213
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post)
|
105 ± 183
|
159 ± 288
|
60 min
|
155 ± 323
|
164 ± 300
|
120 min
|
187 ± 370
|
183 ± 331
|
MCP-1 (pg/mL)
| | |
Pre (Pre-Supplementation)
|
435 ± 306
|
305 ± 132
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post)
|
428 ± 282
|
427 ± 244
|
60 min
|
447 ± 322
|
423 ± 276
|
120 min
|
398 ± 286
|
427 ± 316
|
TNF-alpha (pg/mL)
| | |
Pre (Pre-Supplementation)
|
39 ± 70
|
43 ± 89
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post)
|
19 ± 35
|
41 ± 105
|
60 min
|
39 ± 93
|
47 ± 120
|
120 min
|
63 ± 193
|
54 ± 141
|
VEGF (pg/mL)
| | |
Pre (Pre-Supplementation)
|
1320 ± 1394
|
1189 ± 1328
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post)
|
994 ± 1080
|
1206 ± 1435
|
60 min
|
1096 ± 1278
|
1201 ± 1401
|
120 min
|
1206 ± 1406
|
1273 ± 1548
|