Table 1 Characteristics of study subjects categorized by fasting glucose tolerance status
P-Values | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | NFG | IFG | Diabetes | NFG vs. IFG | NFG vs. Diabetes | IFG vs. Diabetes |
Total Number, M/F (n/n) | 19 (5/14) | 19 (9/10) | 35 (28/7) | 0.313 | < 0.001 | 0.031 |
Age (years) | 45.1 ± 4.2 | 45.7 ± 3.3 | 61.0 ± 2.0 | 0.989 | <0.001 | 0.002 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.8 ± 1.0 | 29.3 ± 1.2 | 32.7 ± 0.7 | 0.071 | < 0.001 | 0.045 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.35 ± 0.39 | 5.17 ± 0.24 | 4.72 ± 0.17 | 0.903 | 0.202 | 0.437 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.19 ± 0.35 | 2.96 ± 0.18 | 2.69 ± 0.14 | 0.799 | 0.246 | 0.649 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.53 ± 0.09 | 1.44 ± 0.12 | 1.07 ± 0.05 | 0.758 | < 0.001 | 0.005 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.38 ± 0.18 | 1.73 ± 0.27 | 2.29 ± 0.25 | 0.695 | 0.048 | 0.308 |
Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 117.0 ± 3.4 | 122.6 ± 3.3 | 129.1 ± 2.3 | 0.484 | 0.015 | 0.284 |
Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 72.6 ± 1.9 | 78.2 ± 1.8 | 77.1 ± 1.6 | 0.165 | 0.214 | 0.918 |
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.22 ± 0.05 | 5.87 ± 0.06 | 7.53 ± 0.29 | 0.249 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 52.8 ± 6.0 | 82.0 ± 11.0 | 124.8 ± 13.9 | 0.373 | < 0.001 | 0.068 |
Fasting C-peptide (nmol/L) | 0.63 ± 0.05 | 0.89 ± 0.08 | 1.27 ± 0.08 | 0.110 | < 0.001 | 0.004 |
HbA1C (%) | 5.2 ± 0.1 | 5.2 ± 0.1 | 6.7 ± 0.1 | 0.907 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Glucose AUC (h*mmol/L) | 11.1 ± 0.5 | 14.1 ± 0.8 | 23.1 ± 0.8 | 0.059 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Insulin AUC (h*pmol/L) | 894 ± 121 | 1346 ± 180 | 922 ± 103 | 0.102 | 0.988 | 0.075 |
C-peptide AUC (h*nmol/L) | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 5.6 ± 0.4 | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 0.032 | 0.531 | 0.162 |
AUCins/glu (pmol/mmol) | 78.6 ± 8.8 | 95.5 ± 12.2 | 40.7 ± 4.4 | 0.398 | 0.003 | < 0.001 |
HOMA2-IR | 1.00 ± 0.11 | 1.57 ± 0.21 | 2.48 ± 0.26 | 0.346 | < 0.001 | 0.037 |
HOMA2-%B | 83.7 ± 5.9 | 89.5 ± 7.9 | 86.7 ± 10.6 | 0.936 | 0.976 | 0.981 |
Matsuda Index | 15.6 ± 2.0 | 8.8 ± 1.2 | 6.0 ± 0.6 | 0.003 | < 0.001 | 0.254 |