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Table 2 Characteristics of the three supplement user groups: multiple dietary supplement users (Multiple Supp) from Shaklee, and multivitamin/mineral users (Single Supp) and non-users (No Supp) from NHANES 2001–2002.

From: Usage patterns, health, and nutritional status of long-term multiple dietary supplement users: a cross-sectional study

Characteristic

No Supp n = 602

Single Supp n = 176

Multiple Supp n = 278

P-value*

Sex (% female)

40.5

44.6

57.9

<0.0001

Race (% white)

100

100

98.9

 

Age, years (mean, SE)

53.7 (0.59)

57.0 (0.99)

63.3 (0.48)

<0.001

BMI, kg/m2 (mean, SE)

29.4 (0.32)

27.9 (0.46)

25.9 (0.31)

<0.001

Education (%)

   

<0.0001

   < High School Graduate

16.8

14.7

1.8

 

   High School Graduate

29.1

30.1

12.2

 

   > High School Graduate

54.2

55.2

86.0

 

Annual income (%)

   

<0.0001

   < $30,000

19.7

17.3

2.5

 

   $30,000–39,999

16.4

14.4

6.8

 

   $40,000–49,999

18.2

19.9

4.7

 

   $50,000–59,999

6.9

10.2

13.3

 

   $60,000–69,999

6.3

3.3

10.8

 

   ≥ $70,000

32.6

34.9

61.9

 
  1. *Differences among the supplement user groups were evaluated using chi-square methods for categorical variables and one-way analysis of variance for continuous variables. BMI = body mass index.