One year soy protein supplementation has positive effects on bone formation markers but not bone density in postmenopausal women

Table 2 Daily total energy and macronutrient intake at baseline and after one year supplementation of soy or control foods

Measures	Control (n = 27)		Soy (n = 35)		Control vs Soy
	Baseline	Final	Baseline	Final	p values
					Trtmt	Time	Trtmt × Time
Total energy (kcal)	1577 ± 95^b	1850 ± 96^a	1827 ± 82^a	1582 ± 84^b	0.933	0.853	0.001
Protein (g)	64.2 ± 4.1^c	87.8 ± 4.1^a	75.8 ± 3.6^b	87.3 ± 3.6^a	0.241	<0.001	0.035
Carbohydrates (g)	207 ± 14^bc	247 ± 14^a	243 ± 12^ab	202 ± 12^c	0.752	0.938	<0.001
Total fat (g)	56.6 ± 4.8	59.0 ± 4.8	62.5 ± 4.1	57.0 ± 4.2	0.719	0.667	0.277
Calcium (mg)	796 ± 69	1168 ± 70	873 ± 60	1183 ± 62	0.459	0.003	0.777

Values are least squares mean ± SE.
Values were calculated from 7-day food frequency questionnaires and included the treatment regimen.
Within each row, values that do not share the same superscript letters are significantly (P < 0.05) different from each other. Soy food products on the average provided approximately 232 kcal, 25 g protein, 4.4 g fat, 25 g carbohydrates, 500 mg calcium and 60 mg isoflavones daily. Control food products on the average provided approximately 454 kcal, 25 g protein, 6 g fat, 77 g carbohydrates, 500 mg calcium and 0 mg isoflavones daily. Soy and control foods were donated by DrSoy Nutrition (Irvine, CA).

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