Table 6 Relationships between lung function and retinol, carotene and vitamin E concentrations, when the three vitamins were simultaneously included in the model*
Plasma vitamin concentrations (μMol/L) |  | FEV1 (ml) Estimate (SD) | p-value | FVC (ml) Estimate (SD) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Retinol | Level | 13.9 (7.5) | 0.06 | 16.6 (9.5) | 0.08 |
| Â | Change | 3.5 (1.5) | 0.02 | 5.7 (1.9) | 0.00 |
Carotene | Level | 14.6 (3.6) | 0.00 | 13.1 (4.5) | 0.00 |
| Â | Change | -2.6 (1.0) | 0.01 | -3.5 (1.3) | 0.01 |
Vitamin E | Level | -1.0 (0.4) | 0.01 | -2.0 (0.5) | <0.01 |
| Â | Change | 0.07 (0.09) | 0.38 | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.13 |