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Table 1 Mean servings of total fruit, whole fruit and 100% fruit juice by age group, family income-to-poverty ratio, and race/ethnicity, NHANES 2007-2010

From: Socioeconomic gradient in consumption of whole fruit and 100% fruit juice among US children and adults

 

n

Total fruit (SE)

Whole fruit (SE)

Fruit juice (SE)

Total

16,628

1.06 (0.02)

0.68 (0.01)

0.37 (0.01)

Gender

    

  Male (ref)

8,282

1.13 (0.02)

0.71 (0.02)

0.43 (0.01)

  Female

8,346

1.00 (0.02)***

0.66 (0.02)

0.33 (0.01)***

Age group (y)

    

  4-13

3,612

1.20 (0.03)***

0.75 (0.03)

0.47 (0.02)***

  14-19

1,834

1.06 (0.05)

0.62 (0.04)***

0.45 (0.03)***

  20-50

5,793

0.99 (0.02)**

0.61 (0.02)***

0.39 (0.02)***

  ≥51(ref)

5,389

1.08 (0.01)

0.79 (0.01)

0.29 (0.01)

Income-to-poverty ratioa

    

  <1.3

5,509

1.00 (0.03)*

0.55 (0.02)***

0.42 (0.02)*

  1.3-3.49

5,652

0.98 (0.02)**

0.63 (0.02)***

0.35 (0.02)

  ≥3.5 (ref)

4,013

1.10 (0.03)

0.77 (0.02)

0.35 (0.01)

Race/ethnicity

    

  Non-Hispanic white (ref)

7,102

1.00 (0.02)

0.69 (0.02)

0.31 (0.01)

  Non-Hispanic black

3,414

1.10 (0.02)***

0.53 (0.02)***

0.58 (0.02)***

  Mexican-American

3,436

1.19 (0.03)***

0.73 (0.03)

0.44 (0.02)***

  Other Hispanic

1,843

1.31 (0.04)***

0.68 (0.02)

0.56 (0.04)***

  1. Reference group identified in parentheses. Asterisks indicate significant difference in mean compared to the reference group (***p < 0.001; **0.001 < p < 0.01; *0.01 < p < 0.05).
  2. aFamily income-to-poverty is the ratio of family income to the federal poverty level. In 2010, the federal poverty level was $22,050/yr for a family of 4.