Dietary animal and plant protein intakes and their associations with obesity and cardio-metabolic indicators in European adolescents: the HELENA cross-sectional study

Table 3 Estimated means of energy, total, animal and plant protein intakes, and energy percentage of protein intakes of adolescents participating in the in HELENA-CSS stratified by gender, age, tanner and BMI category

Characteristics	N	Energy (kcal/d)	Total protein (g/d)	Total protein (g/(kg.d))	Animal protein (g/d)	Plant protein (g/d)	Total protein	Plant protein
							% energy contributing to total energy intake
		Mean intake (SD)
Total	1804	2450 (637)	96 (28)	1.7 (0.6)	58 (23)	38 (13)	15.8 (2.8)	6.2 (1.3)
Gender
Males	855	2792 (655)	110 (29)	1.9 (0.6)	66 (24)	43 (13)	15.9 (3.0)	6.2 (1.3)
Females	949	2141 (428)*	83 (20)*	1.6 (0.5)*	50 (18)*	33 (10)*	15.6 (2.7)	6.3 (1.3)
Age
12.5-14.9 y	1032	2358 (637)	94 (28)	1.8 (0.6)	57 (22)	37 (12)	16.1 (2.9)	6.2 (1.4)
15.0-17.5 y	772	2752 (713)**	98 (29)**	1.6 (0.5)**	58 (23)	39 (12)**	15.4 (2.8)**	6.2 (1.2)
Weight status
Underweight	142	2443 (631)	94 (28)	2.2 (0.7)	56 (21)	39 (12)	15.5 (2.7)	6.3 (1.2)
Normal weight	1383	2458 (635)	96 (28)^a	1.8 (0.6)^a	58 (22)	38 (13)	15.7 (2.8)	6.2 (1.3)
Overweight	222	2397 (636)	96 (29)^ab	1.4 (0.4)^ab	59 (24)	37 (11)	16.2 (3.0)^b	6.2 (1.3)
Obesity	57	2476 (701)	102 (33)^abc	1.2 (0.4)^ab	63 (27)	38 (12)	16.5 (3.1)^b	6.2 (1.2)

SD, standard deviation.
*Mean value was significantly different between males and females by Student T- test (P < 0.05).
**Mean value was significantly different from the young group (12.5-14.9 y) by Student T- test (P < 0.05).
^aMean value was significantly different from underweight by ANOVA, (P < 0.05, Bonferroni correction.
^bMean value was significantly different from normal weight by ANOVA, (P < 0.05, Bonferroni correction).
^cMean value was significantly different from overweight by ANOVA, (P < 0.05, Bonferroni correction).

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