Table 2 Effects of a 3-year dietary intervention on apolipoprotein A-V, triglycerides, HDL, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, LDL particle size, MDA, and ba-PWV at baseline and the 3-year follow-up visit as a function of the APOA5 -1131 T > C genotype

Apolipoprotein A-V (ng/mL)

  Before^∮

217.8±10.6

188.6±10.2

0.011

  After^∮

210.0±10.8

166.4±8.32^*

0.001

  Change

−7.77±10.8

−23.0±9.35

0.285

0.004

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

  Before^∮

110.9±6.20

132.5±7.28

0.022

  After^∮

103.0±6.88^*

147.6±8.51

<0.001

  Change

−7.88±5.44

15.0±5.88

0.005

0.001

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

  Before^∮

55.1±1.53

50.8±1.26

0.024

  After^∮

53.5±1.46

47.7±1.39^**

0.001

  Change

−1.62±1.15

−3.11±1.18

0.372

0.051

Glucose (mg/dL)

  Before^∮

109.7±1.00

109.9±0.90

0.874

  After^∮

105.7±1.10^***

110.4±2.11

0.064

  Change

−4.07±0.98

0.46±1.68

0.030

0.030

Insulin (μIU/mL)

  Before^∮

9.19±0.36

8.93±0.37

0.425

  After^∮

7.96±0.36^***

8.52±0.39

0.375

  Change

−1.23±0.38

−0.41±0.35

0.115

0.173

¹HOMA-IR

  Before^∮

2.51±0.11

2.44±0.11

0.469

  After^∮

2.10±0.10^***

2.36±0.13

0.177

  Change

−0.39±0.11

−0.07±0.10

0.034

0.047

Free fatty acids (μEq/L)

  Before^∮

540.8±22.8

523.7±20.3

0.577

  After^∮

494.2±24.1^*

502.4±22.0

0.836

  Change

−46.6±25.6

−21.3±24.9

0.481

0.620

LDL particle size (nm)

  Before^∮

23.7±0.10

23.7±0.08

0.648

  After^∮

23.8±0.11

23.4±0.09^*

0.008

  Change

0.10±0.09

−0.23±0.09

0.014

0.006

²MDA (nmol/mL)

  Before^∮

10.1±0.31

10.5±0.29

0.418

  After^∮

10.7±0.42

11.9±0.35^***

0.020

  Change

0.48±0.39

1.38±0.32

0.078

0.048

³ba-PWV (cm/sec)

  Before^∮

2678.0±36.4

2707.3±42.9

0.736

  After^∮

2701.4±38.9

2804.6±46.4^***

0.134

  Change

23.4±29.7

97.3±25.3

0.058

0.046