Table 4 Association between inadequate intake with clinical characteristics, inflammatory markers and food intake
From: Association between quality of the diet and cardiometabolic risk factors in postmenopausal women
Characteristics | N (Total = 215) | Inadequate intake | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Fruits (< 3 servings/day) | Vegetables and greenery (< 4 servings/day) | Sodium (> 2400 mg/day) | ||
Outpatient clinics | ||||
Hormone therapy | ||||
p-value* | 0.26 | 0.34 | 0.02 | |
Yes | 30 (14.0%) | 29 (96.7%) | 28 (93.3%) | 11 (36.7%) |
No | 185 (86.0%) | 184 (99.5%) | 164 (88.6%) | 108 (58.4%) |
Inflammatory markers | ||||
Glucose levels (mg/dL) | ||||
p-value | 0.39 | 0.07 | 0.41 | |
<100 | 80 (37.2%) | 80 (100.0%) | 75 (93.8%) | 43 (53.8%) |
≥100 | 135 (62.8%) | 133 (98.5%) | 117 (86.7%) | 76 (56.3%) |
TC (mg/dl) | ||||
p-value | 0.07 | 0.47 | <0.001 | |
<200 | 60 (27.9%) | 58 (96.7%) | 53 (88.3%) | 46 (76.7%) |
≥200 | 155 (72.1%) | 155 (100.0%) | 139 (89.7%) | 73 (47.1%) |
LDLC (mg/dl) | ||||
p-value | 0.03 | 0.56 | 0.02 | |
<100 | 40 (18.6%) | 38 (95.0%) | 36 (90.0%) | 28 (70.0%) |
≥100 | 175 (81.4%) | 175 (100.0%) | 156 (89.1%) | 91 (52.0%) |
HDLC (mg/dl) | ||||
p-value | 0.42 | 0.59 | 0.5 | |
<50 | 75 (34.9%) | 75 (100.0%) | 67 (89.3%) | 33 (44.0%) |
≥50 | 140 (65.1%) | 138 (98.6%) | 125 (89.3%) | 63 (45.0%) |
TG (mg/dl) | ||||
p-value | 0.65 | 0.52 | 0.09 | |
<150 | 88 (40.9%) | 87 (98.9%) | 79 (89.8%) | 54 (61.4%) |
≥150 | 127 (59.1%) | 126 (99.2%) | 113 (89.0%) | 65 (51.2%) |
Food intake | ||||
Total energy intake (kcal/day) | ||||
p-value | 0.55 | 0.09 | <0.001 | |
<2000 | 160 (74.4%) | 158 (98.8%) | 146 (91.3%) | 68 (42.5%) |
≥2000 | 55 (25.6%) | 55 (100.0%) | 46 (83.6%) | 51 (92.7%) |
Protein (%) | ||||
p-value | 1 | 0.72 | 0.06 | |
<10 | 7 (3.3%) | 7 (100.0%) | 6 (85.7%) | 1 (14.3%) |
10–35 | 204 (94.9%) | 202 (99.0%) | 182 (89.2%) | 115 (56.4%) |
>35 | 4 (1.9%) | 4 (100.0%) | 4 (100.0%) | 3 (75.0%) |
Carbohydrate (%) | ||||
p-value | 0.02 | 0.18 | 0.05 | |
<45 | 77 (35.8%) | 75 (97.4%) | 72 (93.5%) | 48 (62.3%) |
45–65 | 129 (60.0%) | 129 (100.0%) | 111 (86.0%) | 69 (53.5%) |
>65 | 9 (4.2%) | 9 (100.0%) | 9 (100.0%) | 2 (22.2%) |
Lipids (%) | ||||
p-value | 0.53 | 0.29 | 0.01 | |
<20 | 7 (3.3%) | 7 (100.0%) | 7 (100.0%) | 1 (14.3%) |
20–30 | 94 (43.7%) | 94 (100.0%) | 87 (92.6%) | 47 (50.0%) |
>30 | 114 (53.0%) | 112 (98.2%) | 98 (86.0%) | 71 (62.3%) |
Saturated Fat (%) | ||||
p-value | 0.73 | 0.06 | 0.08 | |
<10 | 111 (51.6%) | 110 (99.1%) | 103 (92.8%) | 56 (50.5%) |
≥10 | 104 (48.4%) | 103 (99.0%) | 89 (85.6%) | 63 (60.6%) |
Cholesterol (mg) | ||||
p-value | 0.06 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
≥300 | 168 (78.1%) | 166 (98.8%) | 161 (95.8%) | 83 (49.4%) |
>300 | 47 (21.9%) | 47 (100.0%) | 31 (66.0%) | 36 (76.6%) |