Table 2 Association between Healthy Eating Index scores and clinical characteristics, inflammatory markers and dietary intake
From: Association between quality of the diet and cardiometabolic risk factors in postmenopausal women
Characteristics | N Total = 215 | p-valuea | Poor dietbn = 35 (16.3%) | Diet needs improvementcn = 178 (82.8%) | Good dietdn = 2 (0.9%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outpatient clinics | |||||
Hormone therapy | 0.57 | ||||
Yes | 30 (14.0%) | 3 (10.0%) | 27 (90.0%) | 0 (0%) | |
No | 185 (86.0%) | 32 (17.3%) | 151 (81.6%) | 2 (1.1%) | |
BMI <65 years old | 0.45 | ||||
Eutrophic | 48 (28.7%) | 5 (10.4%) | 43 (89.6%) | 0 (0%) | |
Overweight | 63 (37.7%) | 13 (20.6%) | 49 (77.8%) | 1 (1.6%) | |
Obese | 56 (33.6%) | 11 (19.6%) | 44 (78.6%) | 1 (1.8%) | |
BMI ≥ 65 years old | 0.15 | ||||
Lean | 5 (10.4%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (100.0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Eutrophic | 14 (29.2%) | 0 (0%) | 14 (100.0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Overweight | 29 (60.4%) | 6 (20.7%) | 23 (79.3%) | 0 (0%) | |
WC (cm) | 0.78 | ||||
<80 | 17 (7.9%) | 2 (11.8%) | 15 (88.2%) | 0 (0%) | |
≥80 | 198 (92.1%) | 33 (16.7%) | 163 (82.3%) | 2 (1.0%) | |
High blood pressure | 0.38 | ||||
Yes | 68 (31.6%) | 14 (20.6%) | 54 (79.4%) | 0 (0%) | |
No | 147 (68.4%) | 21 (14.3%) | 124 (84.4%) | 2 (1.4%) | |
Self-reported lifestyle | 0.09 | ||||
Active | 71 (33.0%) | 9 (12.7%) | 60 (84.5%) | 2 (2.8%) | |
Sedentary | 144 (67.0%) | 26 (18.1%) | 118 (81.9%) | 0 (0%) | |
Aerobic exercises | 0.81 | ||||
Yes | 14 (6.5%) | 2 (14.3%) | 11 (78.6%) | 1 (7.1%) | |
No | 25 (11.6%) | 2 (8.0%) | 22 (88.0%) | 1 (4.0%) | |
Strengthening exercises | 0.58 | ||||
Yes | 5 (2.3%) | 1 (20.0%) | 4 (80.0%) | 0 (0%) | |
No | 34 (15.8%) | 3 (8.8%) | 29 (85.3%) | 2 (5.9%) | |
Inflammatory markers | |||||
Glucose levels (mg/dL) | 0.73 | ||||
<100 | 80 (37.2%) | 14 (17.5%) | 66 (82.5%) | 0 (0%) | |
≥100 | 135 (62.8%) | 21 (15.6%) | 112 (83.0%) | 2 (1.5%) | |
TC (mg/dl) | 0.27 | ||||
<200 | 60 (27.9%) | 13 (21.7%) | 47 (78.3%) | 0 (0%) | |
≥200 | 155 (72.1%) | 22 (14.2%) | 131 (84.5%) | 2 (1.3%) | |
LDLC (mg/dl) | 0.75 | ||||
<100 | 40 (18.6%) | 5 (12.5%) | 35 (87.5%) | 0 (0%) | |
≥100 | 175 (81.4%) | 30 (17.1%) | 143 (81.7%) | 2 (1.1%) | |
HDLC (mg/dl) | 0.37 | ||||
<50 | 75 (34.9%) | 15 (20.0%) | 60 (80.0%) | 0 (0%) | |
≥50 | 140 (65.1%) | 20 (14.3%) | 118 (84.3%) | 2 (1.4%) | |
TG (mg/dl) | 0.58 | ||||
<150 | 88 (40.9%) | 13 (14.8%) | 75 (85.2%) | 0 (0%) | |
≥150 | 127 (59.1%) | 22 (17.3%) | 103 (81.1%) | 2 (1.6%) | |
Food intake | |||||
Total energy intake (kcal/day) | <0.001 | ||||
<2000 | 160 (74.4%) | 10 (6.3%) | 148 (92.5%) | 2 (1.3%) | |
≥2000 | 55 (25.6%) | 25 (45.5%) | 30 (54.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Protein (%) | 0.21 | ||||
<10 | 7 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
10–35 | 204 (94.9%) | 33 (16.2%) | 169 (82.8%) | 2 (1.0%) | |
>35 | 4 (1.9%) | 2 (50.0%) | 2 (50.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Carbohydrate (%) | 0.001 | ||||
<45 | 77 (35.8%) | 20 (26.0%) | 57 (74.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
45–65 | 129 (60.0%) | 15 (11.6%) | 112 (86.8%) | 2 (1.6%) | |
>65 | 9 (4.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Lipids % | 0.001 | ||||
<20 | 7 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
15–30 | 94 (43.7%) | 4 (4.3%) | 88 (93.6%) | 2 (2.1%) | |
>30 | 114 (53.0%) | 31 (27.2%) | 83 (72.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Saturated fat (%) | <0.001 | ||||
<10 | 111 (51.6%) | 9 (8.1%) | 100 (90.1%) | 2 (1.8%) | |
≥10 | 104 (48.4%) | 26 (25.0%) | 78 (75.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Cholesterol (mg) | <0.001 | ||||
≤300 | 168 (78.1%) | 14 (8.3%) | 152 (90.5%) | 2 (1.2%) | |
>300 | 47 (21.9%) | 21 (44.7%) | 26 (55.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Sodium (mg) | <0.001 | ||||
≤2400 | 96 (44.7%) | 4 (4.2%) | 91 (94.8%) | 1 (1.0%) | |
>2400 | 119 (55.3%) | 31 (26.1%) | 87 (73.1%) | 1 (0.8%) | |
Vegetables and greenery intake | 0.1 | ||||
≥4 servings | 23 (10.7%) | 5 (21.7%) | 17 (73.9%) | 1 (4.3%) | |
<4 servings | 192 (89.3%) | 30 (15.6%) | 161 (83.9%) | 1 (0.5%) | |
Fruit Intake | 1 | ||||
≥3 servings | 2 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
<3 servings | 213 (99.1%) | 35 (16.4%) | 176 (82.6%) | 2 (0.9%) |