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Table 2 The laboratory characteristics of the study subjects (n = 40) before and after one week of oral creatine supplementation

From: Effects of dietary creatine supplementation on systemic microvascular density and reactivity in healthy young adults

Characteristics

Before Creatine

After Creatine

p value

Homocysteine (μmol/L)

10.5 (8.2-13.0)

10.1 (8.8-12.3)

0.4434

Uric acid (mg/dL)

4.9 ± 0.2

4.3 ± 0.2

0.0004

Urea (mg/dL)

34.5 ± 1.5

35.7 ± 2.0

0.2482

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.92 ± 0.02

1.03 ± 0.03

0.0001

CK-MB (U/L)

18.0 (11.5-25.0)

18.0 (13.0-27.0)

0.7601

CK-MM (U/L)

253 (146-567)

344 (128-653)

0.0296

Troponin (ng/mL)

0.0017 ± 0.0006

0.0029 ± 0.0010

0.4082

AST (U/L)

33.6 ± 1.8

36.4 ± 2.3

0.1718

ALT (U/L)

31.1 ± 2.6

30.1 ± 2.1

0.4380

Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L)

200.0 (159.5-335.0)

215.0 (166.0-315.5)

0.5694

Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)

59.0 (53.0-76.0)

58.0 (49.5-77.0)

0.5875

Fibrinogen (mg/dL)

282 (256-306)

254 (227-284)

0.0177

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

67.0 (56.6-91.5)

65.0 (51.5-91.0)

0.7420

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

174.0 (143.5-204.0)

174.0 (140.0-197.5)

0.0486

HDL-C (mg/dL)

43.3 ± 1.8

44.6 ± 2.1

0.1999

LDL-C (mg/dL)

115.0 (88.0-142.5)

103 (81.0-130.0)

0.0027

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

86.5 ± 1.0

86.0 ± 1.4

0.7298

Glycated hemoglobin (%)

5.3 ± 0.07

5.3 ± 0.09

0.7980

hs-CRP (mg/dL)

0.07 (0.04-0.19)

0.07 (0.04-0.18)

0.7645

Total protein (g/dL)

7.3 ± 0.06

7.2 ± 0.07

0.0282

Albumin (g/dL)

4.2 ± 0x.04

4.2 ± 0.04

0.6203

Globulins (g/dL)

3.1 ± 0.06

3.0 ± 0.08

0.0588

TSH (μUI/mL)

2.1 (1.4-3.0)

2.1 (1.5-2.7)

0.4788

T3 (ng/dL)

1.08 ± 0.03

1.02 ± 0.03

0.0074

T4 (ng/dL)

1.08 ± 0.02

1.1 ± 0.02

0.0003

  1. The results are presented as the mean ± SEM. For values that did not follow a Gaussian distribution, the medians (25th - 75th percentile) are presented (Shapiro-Wilk normality test).
  2. HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, CK-MB: Creatine Kinase-MB; CK-MM: Creatine Kinase-MM; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALT: Alanine transaminase; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone; T3: triiodothyronine; T4: thyroxine.
  3. p values were estimated using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t tests or Wilcoxon matched-pairs tests, as appropriate.
  4. Bold values denote significant differences.