Skip to main content

Table 4 Changes in anthropometric and metabolic variables in men and women

From: Gender differences in the long-term effects of a nutritional intervention program promoting the Mediterranean diet: changes in dietary intakes, eating behaviors, anthropometric and metabolic variables

 

Men

Women

Gender effect

Time effect

Gender x time interaction

Variables

Mean

SD

% Change vs. Baseline

Mean

SD

% Change vs. Baseline

 

P

P

P

Body weight (kg)

      

0.13

0.71

0.67

  Baseline

96.6

15.5

-

77.9

16.2

-

   

  T = 3 months

95.2

14.4

−1.4*

77.2

17.1

−0.9

   

  T = 6 months

94.5

12.4

−2.2*

78.1

17.5

0.3

   

  T = 9 months

94.2

13.3

−2.5*

77.8

17.5

−0.1

   

Body fat (%)

      

0.12

0.86

0.82

  Baseline

26.7

4.5

-

39.2

6.2

-

   

  T = 3 months

25.6

4.6

−4.1*

39.2

6.6

0.0

   

  T = 6 months

26.2

5.3

−1.9*

38.9

6.5

−0.8

   

  T = 9 months

25.6

5.0

−4.1*

38.4

6.4

−2.0

   

Waist circumference (cm)

      

0.10

0.39

0.05

  Baseline

106.1

10.2

-

95.8

11.5

-

   

  T = 3 months

104.2

9.5

−1.8*

94.5

12.6

−1.4*

   

  T = 6 months

103.4

8.9

−2.5*

95.0

12.6

−0.8

   

  T = 9 months

103.1

9.9

−2.8*

95.9

12.5

0.1

   

HDL-C (mmol/l)

      

0.12

0.06

0.50

  Baseline

1.15

0.22

-

1.44

0.30

-

   

  T = 3 months

1.19

0.25

3.5*

1.44

0.28

0.0

   

  T = 6 months

1.20

0.25

4.3*

1.41

0.28

−2.1

   

  T = 9 months

1.22

0.24

6.1*

1.46

0.31

1.4*

   

LDL-C (mmol/l)

      

0.22

0.86

0.15

  Baseline

3.64

0.69

-

3.65

0.69

-

   

  T = 3 months

3.70

0.64

1.6

3.60

0.62

−1.4

   

  T = 6 months

3.61

0.65

−0.8

3.71

0.76

1.6

   

  T = 9 months

3.58

0.71

−1.6

3.73

0.66

2.2

   

Total-C/HDL-C ratio

      

0.0007

0.18

0.25

  Baseline

5.08

1.01

-

4.16

0.86

-

   

  T = 3 months

4.87

0.99

−4.1*

4.06

0.84

−2.4

   

  T = 6 months

4.80

0.97

−5.5*

4.22

0.79

1.4

   

  T = 9 months

4.60

0.85

−9.4*

4.13

0.78

−0.7

   

Triglycerides (mmol/l)

      

0.03

0.09

0.97

  Baseline

1.89

0.85

-

1.50

0.58

-

   

  T = 3 months

1.60

0.66

−15.3*

1.36

0.45

−9.3

   

  T = 6 months

1.64

0.70

−13.2*

1.46

0.51

−2.7

   

  T = 9 months

1.61

0.98

−14.8*

1.42

0.52

−5.3

   

Triglycerides/HDL-C ratio

      

0.02

0.14

0.98

  Baseline

1.77

0.99

-

1.10

0.49

-

   

  T = 3 months

1.44

0.76

−18.6*

0.99

0.42

−10.0

   

  T = 6 months

1.49

0.86

−15.8*

1.07

0.44

−2.7

   

  T = 9 months

1.47

1.39

−16.9*

1.02

0.42

−7.3

   

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

      

0.76

0.79

0.27

  Baseline

119.78

14.60

-

109.22

11.24

-

   

  T = 3 months

119.28

10.63

−0.4

109.51

11.72

0.3

   

  T = 6 months

118.53

11.50

−1.0

111.17

11.61

1.8

   

  T = 9 months

120.36

10.02

0.5

109.26

8.96

0.04

   

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

      

0.52

0.07

0.90

  Baseline

75.59

9.47

-

70.76

7.92

-

   

  T = 3 months

72.40

8.48

−4.2*

68.94

8.17

−2.6

   

  T = 6 months

73.97

8.97

−2.1

70.19

9.15

−0.8

   

  T = 9 months

72.32

7.95

−4.3*

69.04

6.96

−2.4

   

Fasting glucose (mmol/l)

      

0.97

0.39

0.84

  Baseline

5.27

0.55

-

5.16

0.69

-

   

  T = 3 months

5.28

0.41

0.2

5.21

0.68

1.0

   

  T = 6 months

5.30

0.43

0.6

5.29

1.19

2.5

   

  T = 9 months

5.38

0.52

2.1

5.17

0.59

0.2

   

Fasting insulin (pmol/l)

      

0.99

0.41

0.05

  Baseline

100.48

44.99

-

88.53

45.36

-

   

  T = 3 months

98.95

44.34

−1.5

88.22

40.27

−0.4

   

  T = 6 months

98.70

50.04

−1.8

83.11

36.47

−6.1

   

  T = 9 months

85.77

34.17

−14.6

84.25

38.16

−4.8

   
  1. For T = 0, T = 3, T = 6 and T = 9 months, n =64, 57, 50, 44 men and n =59, 51, 46, 44 women, respectively.
  2. For percentage of body fat, T = 0, 3, 6 and 9 months: n =52, 47, 50, 45 men and n =48, 41, 44, 43 women, respectively.
  3. For lipid-lipoprotein variables, T = 0, 3, 6 and 9 months: n =63, 56, 48, 41 (n =40 LDL-C) men and n =58, 51, 44, 44 women.
  4. For fasting glucose and insulin, T = 0, 3, 6 and 9 months: n =64, 57, 50, 44 men and n =58, 51, 44, 44 women.
  5. SD: Standard deviation.
  6. *P ≤0.05; Significant change within the same gender.
  7. P ≤0.10; Trend for a significant change within the same gender.
Back to article page

Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

Contact us