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Table 2 Comparison of anthropometric and metabolic variables across groups

From: The presentation of metabolic dysfunction and the relationship with energy output in breast cancer survivors: a cross-sectional study

Characteristic

Group 1 (n = 19)

Group 2 (n = 16)

Group 3 (n = 16)

Group 4 (n = 18)

Age (years)

52.16 (11.69)

50.37 (8.52)

55.56 (9.42)

55.61 (6.77)

Anthropometry

    

Body weight (kg)

59.73 (6.76)

66.22 (5.68)

79.55 (12.58)a, b

79.61 (13.85)a, b

BMI (kg.m-2)

23.09 (21.7-24.6)

24.86 (23.5-26.6)a

30.21 (27.5-32.0)a, b

30.84 (26.0-36.3)a, b

BMI categories

    

Healthy weight (18.5-24.9 kg.m-2)

17 (90%)

8 (50%)

0

1 (6%)

Overweight (25–29.9 kg.m-2)

2 (10%)

8 (50%)

10 (62%)

8 (44%)

Obese (> 30 kg.m-2)

0

0

6 (38%)

9 (50%)

Waist circumference (cm)

74.05 (4.65)

83.20 (2.54)a

95.18 (6.56)a, b

97.45 (10.57)a, b

Percentage body fat (%)

31.15 (3.69)

33.41 (3.08)

40.37 (3.04)a, b

40.19 (5.21)a, b

Fat free mass (kg)

40.978 (3.59)

44.08 (4.19)

47.22 (5.77)a

47.12 (5.37)a

Blood pressure

    

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

114.74 (15.57)

117.00 (9.39)

119.09 (9.98)

125.92 (13.49)

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

77.29 (9.96)

75.69 (4.79)

78.50 (8.73)

80.56 (7.91)

Hypertensive (BP >130/85 mmHg)

4 (21%)

2 (13%)

5 (31%)

9 (50%)

Anti-hypertensive medication

2 (10%)

2 (13%)

4 (25%)

6 (33%)

Lipid profile

    

TC (mmol.L-1)

5.24 (0.98)

5.33 (1.09)

4.61 (0.53)

5.33 (0.93)

Dyslipidemia (TC > 5.2 mmol.L-1)

9 (47)

9 (56)

3 (19)

9 (50)

HDLC (mmol.L-1)

1.83 (0.41)

1.89 (0.51)

1.62 (0.36)

1.40 (0.41)a, b

LDLC (mmol.L-1)

2.98 (0.78)

3.13 (1.32)

2.38 (0.67)

3.11 (0.89)

TG (mmol.L-1)

0.92 (0.68-1.09)

1.07 (0.7-1.4)

1.16 (0.8-1.6)

1.46 (1.0-1.8)a, b

Cholesterol medications

0

1 (6%)

3 (19%)

0

Glucose metabolism

    

Fasting glucose (mg.dL-1)

4.72 (4.3-5.0)

4.81 (4.7-5.0)

4.86 (4.6-5.2)

5.32 (4.8-5.5)a, b, c

Fasting insulin (mU.L-1)

6.73 (5.5-6.9)

7.30 (5.7-9.8)

8.38 (7.3-9.6)

14.49 (11.6-19.4)a, b, c

Hyperinsulinemia (>12 mU.L-1)

0

0

1 (6%)

14 (78%)

Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)

1.42 (1.1-1.8)

1.61 (1.2-2.1)

1.81 (1.4-2.1)

3.43 (2.5-4.2)a, b, c

HBA1c (mmol.mol-1)

35.21 (33.0-38.0)

35.25 (33.5-37.0)

35.75 (34.0-37.0)

38.39 (33.5-41.0)a, b

Glucose medications

0

0

0

0

Inflammatory marker

    

CRP (mg.L-1)

1.53 (1.0-1.8)

1.89 (1.0-2.2)

2.09 (1.1-2.4)

4.98 (1.4-7.0)a, b, c

Metabolic syndrome

0

3 (19%)

5 (31%)

12 (67%)

  1. Data are displayed as mean (± standard deviation) for normally distributed variables and median (inter-quartile range) for non-normally distributed variables and as frequency (percentage) for categorical variables. Abbreviations: kg kilogram, BMI body mass index, TC total cholesterol, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment index, HBA1c glycosylated haemoglobin A1c, CRP C - reactive protein.
  2. a = significantly different from Group 1; b = significantly different from Group 2; c = significantly different from Group 3.