Table 8 Within–person change Model: estimated change in energy intake associated with beverage substitution
Model 3 Estimated effect of substituting each beverage type * | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
B | P value | 95% Confidence interval for B | ||
Change in: | Lower | Upper | ||
Hot beverages (100 g) | −15 | <0.0001 | −18 | −12 |
Milk (100 g) | 15 | <0.0001 | 8 | 22 |
Fruit juice (100 g) | 25 | <0.0001 | 15 | 35 |
Caloric soft drink (100 g) | 23 | <0.0001 | 18 | 27 |
Diet soft drink (100 g) | −15 | <0.0001 | −20 | −9 |
Alcohol (100 g) | 17 | <0.0001 | 15 | 19 |
Bottled water (100 g) | −21 | <0.0001 | −27 | −15 |
Tap water (100 g) | −31 | <0.0001 | −35 | −28 |
Model 4 Estimated effect of caloric beverages replacing non-caloric beverages | ||||
B | P value | 95% Confidence Interval for B | ||
Lower | Upper | |||
Change in total beverages (100 g) | 12 | <0.0001 | 10 | 14 |
Change in caloric beverages (100 g) | 29 | <0.0001 | 27 | 32 |
Model 5 Estimated effect of caloric beverages replacing caloric beverages, holding food energy constant | ||||
B | P value | 95% Confidence Interval for B | ||
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | |||
Change in food energy (100 kcal) | 100 | <0.0001 | 99.9 | 101 |
Change in total beverages (100 g) | 1 | <0.0001 | 0.9 | 1.8 |
Change in caloric beverages (100 g) | 35 | <0.0001 | 35 | 36 |