Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants by serum 25-OH vitamin D concentration
From: Outdoor exposure and vitamin D levels in urban children with asthma
Characteristic | All children (n = 121) | Vitamin D level | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Deficient (<= 20) n = 28 (23%) | Insufficient (21–29 ng/mL) n = 37 (32%) | Sufficient (> = 30 ng/mL) n = 56 (45%) | |||
Age (y) mean (range) | 4.4 (2–6) | 4.5 (2–6) | 4.9 (2–6) | 4.1 (2–6) | 0.06 |
Male sex [n (%)] | 73 (60) | 17 (61) | 23 (62) | 33 (59) | 0.84 |
Black race [n (%)] | 109 (90) | 28 (100) | 33 (89) | 48 (86) | 0.05 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 17.8 (4.1) | 17.9 (4.7) | 18.7 (5.7) | 17.2 (2.1) | 0.85 |
Public health insurance [n (%)] (n = 118) | 106 (90) | 21 (78) | 34 (94) | 51 (93) | 0.07 |
Household income less than $15,000/yr [n (%)] (n = 62) | 34 (55) | 9 (64) | 10 (59) | 15 (48) | 0.49 |
Caregiver a high school graduate [n (%)] | 76 (63) | 19 (68) | 22 (59) | 35 (63) | 0.62 |
Atopic [n (%)] (n = 120) | 83 (69) | 21 (78) | 22 (59) | 40 (71) | 0.79 |
Number of positive skin tests (mean ± SD) (n = 120) | 2.71 ± 2.91 | 2.89 ± 2.39 | 2.38 ± 2.77 | 2.84 ± 3.25 | 0.66 |
Acute care in the past 3 months [n (%)] | |||||
Emergency department visit | 28 (23) | 6 (21) | 9 (24) | 13 (23) | 0.89 |
Hospitalization | 4 (3) | 0 (−) | 1 (3) | 3 (5) | 0.19 |
Unscheduled doctor visit | 22 (18) | 6 (21) | 6 (16) | 10 (19) | 0.75 |