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Table 2 Anthropometric and metabolic variables before and after intervention in variables throughout the study

From: Calcium plus vitamin D3 supplementation facilitated Fat loss in overweight and obese college students with very-low calcium consumption: a randomized controlled trial

 

Calcium+D (n=22)

Control (n=21)

P a

 

Pre

Post

Pre

Post

Time

Treatment

Time×Treatment (adjustedb)

Body weight (kg)

65.7±7.6 c

61.5±7.2

66.3±8.3

62.8±9.7

<0.001

0.69

0.25 (0.16)

BMI (kg/m2)

26.0±1.8

24.2±1.8

25.7±1.7

24.2±2.2

<0.001

0.86

0.22 (0.19)

Fat mass (kg)

20.4±3.3

17.6±3.5

19.8±3.1

17.9±3.9

<0.001

0.73

0.02 (0.01)

Fat percentage (%)

31.0±3.0

28.4±3.5

29.9±2.8

28.4±3.0

<0.001

0.55

0.02 (0.02)

Lean mass (kg)

41.6±5.2

40.5±4.5

42.8±5.9

41.3±6.2

<0.001

0.54

0.31 (0.43)

Visceral fat mass (kg) d

2.2±0.5

1.7±0.4

2.1±0.5

1.9±0.6

<0.001

0.75

0.01 (0.01)

VFA (cm2) d

56.6±12.2

44.6±12.6

54.7±13.4

48.2±15.5

<0.001

0.85

0.02 (0.02)

Waist (cm)

81.5±4.1

75.2±5.3

80.9±5.6

76.3±6.8

<0.001

0.85

0.34 (0.26)

Systolic BP (mmHg) d

119.2±10.5

109.6±9.9

123.0±10.5

111.9±10.4

<0.001

0.20

0.64 (0.67)

Diastolic BP (mmHg) d

70.7±7.1

64.2±4.7

70.0±7.8

65.4±6.3

0.001

0.79

0.58 (0.62)

Glucose (mmol/L)

4.62±0.26

4.89±0.37

4.55±0.34

4.91±0.31

<0.001

0.96

0.22 (0.16)

Insulin (mIU/L)

10.49±5.04

9.24±5.36

9.07±4.02

9.23±4.62

0.58

0.52

0.44 (0.41)

TC (mmol/L)

3.89±0.52

3.78±0.61

4.11±0.43

3.93±0.48

0.03

0.58

0.57 (0.42)

TG (mmol/L)

0.76±0.48

0.78±0.25

0.76±0.32

0.86±0.67

0.36

0.75

0.61 (0.61)

HDL (mmol/L)

1.49±0.39

1.59±0.36

1.66±0.34

1.51±0.30

0.22

0.53

0.11 (0.19)

LDL (mmol/L)

1.89±0.50

2.41±0.43

1.98±0.50

2.10±0.51

0.23

0.43

0.62 (0.75)

  1. Calcium+D, Calcium+vitamin D3. VFA, visceral fat area. Waist, waist circumference BP, blood pressure. TC, total cholesterol. TG, triglyceride. HDL, high-density lipoproteins. LDL, low-density lipoproteins. Change values=[(mean values wk 12)-(mean values wk 0)].
  2. a Repeated measures analysis of variance.
  3. b Adjusted for age, initial calcium intake and baseline body weight.
  4. c Mean ± standard deviation (all such values).
  5. d n=20 and 19 for Calcium+D and control groups, respectively.